| Item |
Information |
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Drug Groups
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approved; investigational |
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Description
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A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline. [PubChem] |
| Indication |
For the treatment of the following infections caused by susceptible organisms: urinary tract infections, acute uncomplicated cystitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, lower respiratory tract infections, acute sinusitis, skin and skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections (used in combination with metronidazole), infectious diarrhea, typhoid fever (enteric fever), uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea, and inhalational anthrax (post-exposure). |
| Pharmacology |
Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antiinfective agent of the fluoroquinolone class. Ciprofloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The mechanism of action of quinolones, including ciprofloxacin, is different from that of other antimicrobial agents such as beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides; therefore, organisms resistant to these drugs may be susceptible to ciprofloxacin. There is no known cross-resistance between ciprofloxacin and other classes of antimicrobials. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian. |
| Toxicity |
The major adverse effect seen with use of is gastrointestinal irritation, common with many antibiotics. |
| Affected Organisms |
| • |
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria |
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| Biotransformation |
Hepatic. Four metabolites have been identified in human urine which together account for approximately 15% of an oral dose. The metabolites have antimicrobial activity, but are less active than unchanged ciprofloxacin. |
| Absorption |
Rapidly and well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability is approximately 70% with no substantial loss by first pass metabolism. |
| Half Life |
4 hours |
| Protein Binding |
20 to 40% |
| Elimination |
Approximately 40 to 50% of an orally administered dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug. |
| Clearance |
* Renal cl=300 mL/min |
| References |
| • |
Drusano GL, Standiford HC, Plaisance K, Forrest A, Leslie J, Caldwell J: Absolute oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1986 Sep;30(3):444-6.
[Pubmed]
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| • |
Hilliard JJ, Krause HM, Bernstein JI, Fernandez JA, Nguyen V, Ohemeng KA, Barrett JF: A comparison of active site binding of 4-quinolones and novel flavone gyrase inhibitors to DNA gyrase. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995;390:59-69.
[Pubmed]
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| • |
Spivey JM, Cummings DM, Pierson NR: Failure of prostatitis treatment secondary to probable ciprofloxacin-sucralfate drug interaction. Pharmacotherapy. 1996 Mar-Apr;16(2):314-6.
[Pubmed]
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| • |
Brouwers JR: Drug interactions with quinolone antibacterials. Drug Saf. 1992 Jul-Aug;7(4):268-81.
[Pubmed]
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| External Links |
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