urea

• ChemBase ID: 3541
• Molecular Formular: CH4N2O
• Molecular Mass: 60.05526
• Monoisotopic Mass: 60.03236276
• SMILES: NC(=O)N
• Canonical SMILES: NC(=O)N
• InChI: InChI=1S/CH4N2O/c2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4)
• InChIKey: XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

NAMES AND DATABASE IDS

Names

• IUPAC name: urea
• IUPAC Traditional name: urea
• Synonyms: Urea; Carbonyldiamide; UREA REAGENT GRADE; Urea solution; Urea, ACS; carbonyl diamide; diaminomethanae; diaminomethanone; Urea; Isourea; Carbonyldiamine; Ureophil; Urevert; UREA ULTRA PURE; Ureum; Urea solution; Carbamide; 尿素 溶液; 尿素, ACS; 碳酰二胺; 碳酰胺; 尿素; 脲; 尿素 溶液

Database IDs

• CAS Number: 57-13-6
• EC Number: 200-315-5; 231-791-2
• MDL Number: MFCD00008022
• Beilstein Number: 635724
• Merck Index: 149867
• PubChem SID: 24900645; 24873573; 46508687; 24873568; 24900435; 24900650; 160966980; 24873571; 24873567; 24900617; 24900656; 24859899; 24900649; 24873763; 24900652; 24900664; 24900624
• PubChem CID: 1176
• CHEBI ID: 16199
• ATC CODE: B05BC02; D02AE01
• CHEMBL: 985
• Chemspider ID: 1143
• DrugBank ID: DB03904
• KEGG ID: D00023
• Unique Ingredient Identifier: 8W8T17847W
• Wikipedia Title: Urea

CALCULATED PROPERTIES

JChem

• Acid pKa: 15.731965
• H Acceptors: 1
• H Donor: 2
• LogD (pH = 5.5): -1.3638339
• LogD (pH = 7.4): -1.3638339
• Log P: -1.3638339
• Molar Refractivity: 13.1426 cm^3
• Polarizability: 5.02445 Å^3
• Polar Surface Area: 69.11 Å^2
• Rotatable Bonds: 0
• Lipinski's Rule of Five: true

ALOGPS 2.1

• Log P: -1.78
• LOG S: 0.84
• Solubility (Water): 4.12e+02 g/l

PROPERTIES

Physical Property

• Solubility: 107.9 g/100 ml (20 °C); 167 g/100ml (40 °C); 251 g/100 ml (60 °C); 400 g/100 ml (80 °C) in water; 50g/L ethanol, 500g/L glycerol; H2O: soluble5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless; H2O: soluble8 M; H2O: soluble8 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless; Soluble in water, alcohol, methanol, glycerol, benzene, and conc. HCl. Practically insoluble in chloroform, ether
• Apperance: Crystalline; pearls; pellets; powder; Solid Crystalline; white powder; White solid
• Melting Point: 130-135°C; 132-135 °C; 132-135 °C(lit.); 132-135°C; 133 °C with decomposition; 133–135 °C; 133-135°C
• Boiling Point: Decomposes at 135 °C (275 °F).
• Flash Point: Non-flammable
• Density: 1.32 g/cm^3; 1.335; 1.335 g/cm^3 at 20 °C; 1.335 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.40
• Vapor Pressure: .000016 hPa at 25 °C
• Absorption Wavelength: A5M/260 ≤0.06; A5M/260 nm ≤0.06; A5M/280 ≤0.06; A5M/280 nm ≤0.06; A6M/260 ≤0.06; A6M/280 ≤0.06; λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.03; λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.03; λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.02; λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.02
• pKb: pK_BH^+ = 0.18
• pH: 7.5-9.5 (20 °C, 5 M in H2O); 8.0-10.0 (20 °C, 8 M in H2O); 8.0-10.0 (25 °C); 8.0-10.0 (25 °C, 8 M in H2O)

Safety Information

• Storage Condition: Room Temperature (15-30°C)
• Storage Warning: Irritant
• RTECS: YR6250000
• European Hazard Symbols: Irritant (Xi)
• German water hazard class: 1
• Risk Statements: R:36/37/38
• Safety Statements: S:20-25-26-37/39
• TSCA Listed: 是
• EU Index: Not listed
• LD50: 8500 mg/kg (oral, rat)
• Personal Protective Equipment: Eyeshields, Gloves; Eyeshields, Gloves, half-mask respirator (US), multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US); Eyeshields, Gloves, type N95 (US), type P1 (EN143) respirator filter
• Storage Temperature: 2-8°C

Pharmacology Properties

• Gene Information: human ... CA1(759), CA2(760), EPHX2(2053)mouse ... Ephx2(13850)rat ... Ppm1a(24666); human ... CA1(759), CA2(760)rat ... Ppm1a(24666)

Product Information

• Purity: ≥98.0%; ≥99.0%; ≥99.0% (N); ≥99.0% (T); ≥99.5%; ≥99.5% (T); 98%; 98+%; 99%; 99.0-100.5%; 99.0-101.0% (calc. on dry substance); 99.3+%; 99-101% (calc. on dry substance)
• Concentration: ~8 M in H2O; 40 % (w/v) in H2O; 40% in H2O; 8 M (after reconstitution with 16 mL high purity water)
• Grade: ACS reagent; ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur.; for electrophoresis; for microbiology; for molecular biology; JIS special grade; Ph Eur; puriss.; puriss. p.a.; purum; purum p.a.; REAGENT; reagent grade; ReagentPlus®; SAJ first grade
• Packaging: vial of 5 mL
• Suitability: in accordance for appearance of solution; in accordance for identity; meets USP testing specifications; suitable for cell culture
• Ignition Residue: ≤0.01%; ≤0.01% (as SO4); ≤0.1%; ≤0.1% (as SO4)
• Impurities: <0.005% formaldehyde (HCHO); ≤0.0005% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.001% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.005% Ammonia; ≤0.005% formaldehyde (HCHO); ≤0.005% Phosphorus (P); ≤0.01% Insoluble matter; ≤0.04% insoluble in ethanol; ≤0.05% ammonium (NH4); ≤0.05% biuret; ≤0.1% biuret; ≤0.1% biuret(carbamylurea); ≤0.1% Insoluble matter; alkalic reac. substances, complies; DNases, none detected; insoluble matter, passes filter test; phosphatases, none detected; proteases, none detected; residual solvents, complies; RNases, none detected
• Cation Traces: Al: ≤0.0005%; Al: ≤1 mg/kg; Al: ≤5 mg/kg; As: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Ba: ≤1 mg/kg; Ba: ≤5 mg/kg; Bi: ≤1 mg/kg; Bi: ≤5 mg/kg; Ca: ≤0.0005%; Ca: ≤10 mg/kg; Ca: ≤5 mg/kg; Cd: ≤1 mg/kg; Cd: ≤5 mg/kg; Co: ≤1 mg/kg; Co: ≤5 mg/kg; Cr: ≤1 mg/kg; Cr: ≤5 mg/kg; Cu: ≤0.0005%; Cu: ≤1 mg/kg; Cu: ≤1 ppm; Cu: ≤5 mg/kg; Fe: ≤0.0005%; Fe: ≤0.001%; Fe: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Fe: ≤1 mg/kg; Fe: ≤1 ppm; Fe: ≤2 mg/kg; Fe: ≤5 mg/kg; heavy metals (as Pb): ≤0.001%; K: ≤0.005%; K: ≤20 mg/kg; K: ≤300 mg/kg; K: ≤50 mg/kg; Li: ≤1 mg/kg; Li: ≤5 mg/kg; Mg: ≤0.0005%; Mg: ≤1 mg/kg; Mg: ≤5 mg/kg; Mn: ≤1 mg/kg; Mn: ≤5 mg/kg; Mo: ≤1 mg/kg; Mo: ≤5 mg/kg; Na: ≤0.005%; Na: ≤20 mg/kg; Na: ≤50 mg/kg; NH4+: ≤0.05%; Ni: ≤1 mg/kg; Ni: ≤5 mg/kg; Pb: ≤0.001%; Pb: ≤1 mg/kg; Pb: ≤2 ppm; Pb: ≤5 mg/kg; Pb: ≤5 ppm; Sr: ≤1 mg/kg; Sr: ≤5 mg/kg; Zn: ≤0.0005%; Zn: ≤1 mg/kg; Zn: ≤5 mg/kg
• Antion Traces: chloride (Cl-): ≤0.05%; chloride (Cl-): ≤10 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤5 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤5 ppm; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.001%; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.05%; sulfate (SO42-): ≤10 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤30 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤50 mg/kg
• Contains: 0.1% benzoic acid as preservative
• Foreign Activity: DNase, NICKase, RNase and protease, none detected
• Sterility: non-sterile; sterile-filtered
• Shelf Life: (limited shelf life, expiry date on the label)
• Loss on Drying: ≤0.05% loss on drying, 20 °C (HV); ≤0.1% loss on drying, 20 °C (HV); ≤1.0% loss on drying, 105 °C, 1 h; ≤1.0% loss on drying, 105°C, 1 h
• Quality Level: PREMIUM
• Quality: crystallized; meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP
• λ: 8 M in H2O; neat
• Pharmacopeia: testing & handling conforms to Pharmacopeia
• Product Line: BioUltra
• Linear Formula: NH2CONH2

DETAILS

MP Biomedicals - 02103209

Crystalline
Reagent Grade
Suitable for most standard applications.

MP Biomedicals - 02105695

Ultra Pure
Purity: 99%
4X Crystallized
Suitable for use as a protein denaturant.

DrugBank - DB03904

• Drug Groups: experimental
• Description: A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids. [PubChem]
• Indication:
  ;
  • 10% hydrate skin
  ;
  • 15% accelerate fibrin degradation
  ;
  • 20-30% are antipruritic, break down keratin, decrease the thickness of the stratum corneum and are used in scaling conditions such as ichthysosis
  ;
  • 40% are proteolytic and may be used to dissolve and peel dystrophic nails
  ;
  ; ; [Patient Self Care, 2010]
• Pharmacology: As a humectant, urea draws water into the striatum corneum.
• External Links: Drugs.com

Apollo Scientific Ltd - OR59884

Reagent

Sigma Aldrich - U4128

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 51458

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.
Other Notes
Acetic acid -urea PAGE of proteins1; In the extraction of mitochondrial complex V2; Calibration of polyacrylamide gel columns for the separation of oligonucleotides by capillary electrophoresis3; Tryptophan fluorescence in electron-transfer flavoprotein:ubiquinone oxidoreductase4; Denaturation curve5

Sigma Aldrich - U4884

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 51465

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.

Sigma Aldrich - U6504

Application
使蛋白质增溶和变性以用于变性等电聚焦和二维电泳的离液剂。
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - U4883

Application
Useful for solubilizing and denaturing proteins in preparation for 2D-PAGE, enzymatic digests, IMAC Chromatography, and related procedures.

Sigma Aldrich - 02493

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.
Urea can be used to study chaotropic agents, denaturation, biochemicals and reagents. Urea has been used to test whether the co-delivery of synergistic drug combinations in the same liposome provides a better anti-tumor effect than the drugs administered in separate liposomes.

Sigma Aldrich - U7129

Application
建议用于检测尿素酶活性。
Preparation Note
Warm the refrigerated 40% urea solution to room temperature. Aseptically add 5 mL to 95 mL of sterile molten Urea Agar Base (Christensen). Mix well and dispense in sterile tubes.

Sigma Aldrich - 08582

Components
(per vial, sufficient for 100 mL medium):Urea 2.0 g, Distilled water 5.0 ml
General description
Filter sterilized urea solution recommended for detection of urease activity.

Sigma Aldrich - 51456

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.
Other Notes
Denaturing reagent1; Commonly used in conjunction with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the fractionation of single-stranded nucleic acids with chains of up to 200 nucleotides2,3,4

Sigma Aldrich - 208884

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.

Sigma Aldrich - U5378

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - U0631

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。

Sigma Aldrich - 51461

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.

Sigma Aldrich - U5128

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。
包装
1 kg in poly bottle
5 kg in poly drum
5, 100, 500 g in poly bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 32-0290

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.

Sigma Aldrich - 51460

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.

Sigma Aldrich - 32-0280

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.

Sigma Aldrich - 15604

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.

Sigma Aldrich - 32-0291

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.
Suitability
for biological purposes

Sigma Aldrich - U1250

Application
用于蛋白质变性以及作为不溶性或变性蛋白的温和增溶剂。可用于从已由 6M 盐酸胍变性的样品(如包涵体)复性蛋白质。可与盐酸胍和二硫苏糖醇 (DTT) 一起用于复性变性蛋白以恢复其天然或活性形式。
包装
1 kg in poly bottle
5 kg in poly drum
法律信息
ReagentPlus 注册商标 Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

Sigma Aldrich - 51459

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.

Sigma Aldrich - 33247

Application
Used for the denaturation of proteins and as a mild solubilization agent for insoluble or denatured proteins. Useful for renaturing proteins from samples already denatured with 6 M guanidine chloride such as inclusion bodies. May be used with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitrol (DTT) in the refolding of denatured proteins into their native or active form.

REFERENCES

• Reacts with alcohols on prolonged heating to give alkyl carbamates; see, e.g.: Org. Synth. Coll., 1, 140 (1941).
• Widely used in diazotization reactions for the destruction of excess HNO₂.
• For the one-pot conversion of carboxylic acids to nitriles, by heating with urea in the presence of 1.5-2.0 moles of sulfamic acid, see: Chimia, 25, 94 (1971).
• For a procedure for conversion of carboxylic acids to primary amides by heating with urea, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 3, 768 (1955); 4, 513 (1963).