| Item |
Information |
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Drug Groups
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approved |
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Description
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A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006) |
| Indication |
For production of local or regional anesthesia by infiltration techniques such as percutaneous injection and intravenous regional anesthesia by peripheral nerve block techniques such as brachial plexus and intercostal and by central neural techniques such as lumbar and caudal epidural blocks. |
| Pharmacology |
Dibucaine is an amide-type local anesthetic, similar to lidocaine. |
| Toxicity |
Subcutaneous LD50 in rat is 27 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include convulsions, hypoxia, acidosis, bradycardia, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. |
| Affected Organisms |
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Humans and other mammals |
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| Biotransformation |
Primarily hepatic. |
| Absorption |
In general, ionized forms (salts) of local anesthetics are not readily absorbed through intact skin. However, both nonionized (bases) and ionized forms of local anesthetics are readily absorbed through traumatized or abraded skin into the systemic circulation. |
| References |
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Abdel-Ghani NT, Youssef AF, Awady MA: Cinchocaine hydrochloride determination by atomic absorption spectrometry and spectrophotometry. Farmaco. 2005 May;60(5):419-24.
[Pubmed]
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Souto-Padron T, Lima AP, Ribeiro Rde O: Effects of dibucaine on the endocytic/exocytic pathways in Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasitol Res. 2006 Sep;99(4):317-20. Epub 2006 Apr 13.
[Pubmed]
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Nounou MM, El-Khordagui LK, Khalafallah N: Effect of various formulation variables on the encapsulation and stability of dibucaine base in multilamellar vesicles. Acta Pol Pharm. 2005 Sep-Oct;62(5):369-79.
[Pubmed]
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