formaldehyde

• ChemBase ID: 3484
• Molecular Formular: CH2O
• Molecular Mass: 30.02598
• Monoisotopic Mass: 30.01056468
• SMILES: C=O
• Canonical SMILES: C=O
• InChI: InChI=1S/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2
• InChIKey: WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

NAMES AND DATABASE IDS

Names

• IUPAC name: formaldehyde
• IUPAC Systematic name: Methanal
• IUPAC Traditional name: formaldehyde
• Brand Name: Formalin; Formol
• Synonyms: Oxomethane; Methylene oxide; Oxymethylene; Paraform; Paraformaldehyde; Methyl aldehyde; Methanal; Oxomethylene; Formaldehyde; Silver stain kit component; Formaldehyde solution; Formaldehyde; Polyoxymethylene; Paraformaldehyde; Paraformaldehyde; Formalin; Aldehyde Formique; Formic Aldehyde; Methylene Glycol; Formalina; FORMALDEHYDE ACS REAGENT GRADE; FORMALDEHYDE 37%, HISTOLOGICAL GRADE; Formol; Formalin solution, neutral buffered, 10%; Formaldehyde solution; Formaldehyde neutral buffer solution; Formaldehydi solutio 35 per centum; 银染试剂盒组分; 福尔马林; 甲醛 溶液; 甲醛; 多聚甲醛; Formaldehyde neutral buffer solution; 35% 甲醛溶液

Database IDs

• CAS Number: 50-00-0; 30525-89-4
• EC Number: 200-001-8
• MDL Number: MFCD00133991; MFCD00003274
• Beilstein Number: 1209228; 102769
• Merck Index: 144235; 147025
• PubChem SID: 160966923; 24895890; 24895887; 24894976; 24895891; 24849486; 24849340; 24855218; 24895888; 24895889; 46505094; 24895886; 24894784; 24895892; 24860039; 24878008; 24894790
• PubChem CID: 712
• CHEBI ID: 16842
• ATC CODE: QP53AX19
• CHEMBL: 1255
• Chemspider ID: 692
• DrugBank ID: DB03843
• Gmelin ID: 445
• KEGG ID: D00017
• MeSH Name: Formaldehyde
• Unique Ingredient Identifier: 1HG84L3525
• Wikipedia Title: Formaldehyde

CALCULATED PROPERTIES

JChem

• H Acceptors: 1
• H Donor: 0
• LogD (pH = 5.5): -0.46697542
• LogD (pH = 7.4): -0.46697542
• Log P: -0.46697542
• Molar Refractivity: 6.307 cm^3
• Polarizability: 2.676496 Å^3
• Polar Surface Area: 17.07 Å^2
• Rotatable Bonds: 0
• Lipinski's Rule of Five: true

ALOGPS 2.1

• Log P: -0.68
• LOG S: 0.82
• Solubility (Water): 1.98e+02 g/l

PROPERTIES

Physical Property

• Solubility: 400 g dm^-3 in water; 400 mg/mL at 20 oC [PICKRELL,JA et al. (1983)]
• Apperance: APHA: ≤10; Colorless gas; Liquid; Liquid, Ampouled under argon
• Melting Point: 120-170°C dec.; -15°C; -92 °C; -92°C
• Boiling Point: -19°C; 97°C; ca. 99 °C at 1013 hPa
• Flash Point: 147.2 °F; 150.8 °F; 185 °F; 60°C(140°F); 64 °C; 64°C (147.2°F); 66 °C; 71°C(159°F); 85 °C (closed cup); 85 °C
• Auto Ignition Point: 430°C (806°F); 572 °F; ca. 430 °C at 1013 hPa
• Density: 0.8153 g/cm3 (-20 °C); 1.04 g/cm^3 at 20 °C; 1.083; 1.09 g/mL at 20 °C; 1.09 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.); 1.30
• Refractive Index: 1.3765; n20/D 1.3765
• Vapor Pressure: 52 mmHg ( 37 °C); ca. .002 hPa at 25 °C
• Vapor Density: 1.03 (air = 1); 1.03 (vs air)
• Partition Coefficient: 0.350
• Absorption Wavelength: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01; λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
• Hydrophobicity(logP): 0.35 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]
• pKa: 13.3
• pKb: 0.7
• Dipole Moment: 2.33 D

Safety Information

• Storage Condition: Room Temperature (15-30°C)
• RTECS: LP8925000; RV0540000
• European Hazard Symbols: Corrosive (C); Carc. Cat. 1; Corrosive (C); Flammable (F); Toxic (T); Toxic (T); X; Harmful (Xn)
• UN Number: 1198; 2209; UN1198; UN2213
• German water hazard class: 1; 2; nwg
• Hazard Class: 3; 4.1; 8
• Packing Group: 3; III
• Australian Hazchem: 2YE
• Risk Statements: 11-20/22-34-40-43; 20/21/22-36/37/38-40-43; 20/21/22-40-43; 23/24/25-34-37-39/23/24/25-40-43; 23/24/25-34-39/23/24/25-40-43; 23/24/25-34-40-43-68/20/21/22; 36/38-40-43; 40-43; R:10-23/24/25-34-40-43; R23/24/25 R34 R43 R45
• Safety Statements: 23-26-36/37-60; 26-36/37; 26-36/37/39-45; 26-36/37/39-45-51; 36/37; 4-7/9-16-20-23-26-27-36/37/39-45-51-60; 7/9-16-23-26-27-36/37/39-45-51-60; 9-20-26-36/37/39-45-60; S:16-26-45-51-36/37/39; S1/2 S26 S36/37/39 S45 S51 S53 S60
• EU Classification: FC
• EU Hazard Identification Number: 8A
• Emergency Response Guidebook(ERG) Number: 132
• TSCA Listed: 是
• EU Index: 605-001-00-5
• GHS Pictograms: GHS02; GHS05; GHS06; GHS07; GHS08
• GHS Signal Word: Danger; Warning
• NFPA704:
  

  4

  3

  0
• LD50: 100 mg/kg (oral, rat)
• Explode Limits: 7–73%
• GHS Hazard statements: H301 + H311 + H331-H314-H317-H334-H335-H351-H370; H301 + H311 + H331-H314-H317-H335-H351-H370; H301-H311-H314-H317-H331-H335-H351-H370; H301-H311-H314-H317-H331-H335-H351-H371; H301-H311-H331-H317-H314-H226-H351-H371; H301-H311-H331-H317-H370-H351-H314-H226; H302-H315-H317-H319-H335-H351; H302-H317-H351; H314-H318-H228-H351-H302-H332-H317; H317-H351; H351-H315-H319-H317-H303
• GHS Precautionary statements: P210-P241-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501A; P210-P301+P310-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P361-P405-P501A; P260-P280-P301 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338-P310; P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338; P261-P305+P351+P338-P302+P352-P321-P405-P501A; P280
• Personal Protective Equipment: Eyeshields, Gloves; Faceshields, full-face respirator (US), Gloves, Goggles, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US), type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
• RID/ADR: UN 1198 3/PG 3
• Storage Temperature: 2-8°C

Product Information

• Purity: ≥34.5 wt. %; ≥34.5%; ≥36.5%; 16% w/v aq. soln., methanol free; 35 wt. %; 35.0-38.0%; 36.5-38.0%; 37%; 37% in aq. soln., ACS, 36.5-38.0%, stab. with 10-15% methanol; 37% w/w aq. soln., stab. with 7-8% methanol; 97%
• Concentration: ~36% in H2O (T); ≥35.0%; ≥36.0% in H2O (T); 0.19% formaldehyde in H2O; 10%; 10% formalin (approx. 4% formaldehyde); 3.7% formaldehyde in H2O; 35 wt. % in H2O; 36.0-38.0%; 36.5-38% in H2O; 37 wt. % in H2O; 37-38%; 7.5% formaldehyde in H2O
• Grade: ACS; ACS reagent; for molecular biology; histological grade; JIS special grade; Ph Eur; puriss. p.a.; purum; REAGENT; SAJ first grade
• Packaging: case of 24 × 120 mL; case of 24 × 60 mL; case of 48 × 15 mL
• Suitability: complies for appearance of solution; corresponds for identity; in accordance for electrophoresis of RNA in agarose gels; meets USP testing specifications
• Ignition Residue: ≤0.005%; ≤0.005% (as SO4); ≤0.01% (as SO4); ≤0.05% (as SO4)
• Impurities: ≤0.0002% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.006 meq/g Titr. acid; ≤0.03% free acid (as HCOOH); ≤10 mL Acidity; 10% methyl alcohol; 7-8% methyl alcohol; 9.0-15.0% methanol (GC); acidic reac. substances, complies; Residual solvents, complies; residual solvents, complies
• Cation Traces: Ca: ≤5 mg/kg; Cd: ≤1 mg/kg; Co: ≤1 mg/kg; Cr: ≤1 mg/kg; Cu: ≤1 mg/kg; Fe: ≤1 mg/kg; Fe: ≤5 ppm; heavy metals (as Pb): ≤5 ppm; K: ≤20 mg/kg; Mg: ≤1 mg/kg; Mn: ≤1 mg/kg; Na: ≤100 mg/kg; Ni: ≤1 mg/kg; Pb: ≤1 mg/kg; Zn: ≤1 mg/mL
• Antion Traces: chloride (Cl-): ≤1 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤10 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤5 ppm; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.002%; sulfate (SO42-): ≤20 mg/kg
• Contains: ~10% methanol as stabilizer; 10% methanol as stabilizer; 10-15% methanol; 10-15% methanol as stabilizer; 10-15% Methanol as stabilizer (to prevent polymerization); 9.0-15% methanol as stabilizer; 9.0-15.0 % (v/v) methanol as stabilizer; 9.0-15.0% methanol as stabilizer (GC); methanol as stabilizer
• Shelf Life: (Expiry date on the label.)
• Quality: meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP; meets analytical specification of USP
• λ: 2 M in H2O
• Pharmacopeia: testing & handling conforms to Pharmacopeia
• Product Line: BioReagent
• Linear Formula: HCHO

DETAILS

MP Biomedicals - 02194047

ACS Reagent Grade
37% Solution
Purity: 36.5-38%
Contains 10-15% methanol.

DrugBank - DB03843

• Drug Groups: experimental
• Description: A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)
• Toxicity: Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 42 mg/kg [Mouse].
• External Links: Wikipedia; Drugs.com

Sigma Aldrich - HT501128

Application
Case containers are polypropylene with white leak-proof lids and are partially prefilled with 10% NBF. Case sizes are 48x15 ml, 24x60 ml and 24x120 ml.
Popular general purpose histological fixative.
Physical form
Neutral buffered solution

Sigma Aldrich - 47608

Caution
may contain precipitate (paraformaldehyde)

Sigma Aldrich - HT501640

Application
Case containers are polypropylene with white leak-proof lids and are partially prefilled with 10% NBF. Case sizes are 48x15 ml, 24x60 ml and 24x120 ml.
Popular general purpose histological fixative.
Physical form
Neutral buffered solution

Sigma Aldrich - F8775

Analysis Note
Tested for use in formaldehyde-agarose gel electrophoresis of RNA.
Application
Formaldehyde is used as a denaturant in formaldehyde-agarose gel electrophoresis of RNA. A gel concentration of 2.2 M formaldehyde is typically used. The formaldehyde concentration as supplied is approximately 13.3M.
Packaging
25, 500 mL in poly bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 47630

Caution
may contain precipitate (paraformaldehyde)

Sigma Aldrich - HT5014

Application
Case containers are polypropylene with white leak-proof lids and are partially prefilled with 10% NBF. Case sizes are 48x15 ml, 24x60 ml and 24x120 ml.
Popular general purpose histological fixative.
Physical form
Neutral buffered solution

Sigma Aldrich - 47673

Caution
may become turbid on storage

Sigma Aldrich - 533998

Application
This product is a solution of approximately 37% by weight of formaldehyde gas in water. The product contains 10-15% methanol as a stabilizer to prevent polymerization.

Sigma Aldrich - HT5012

Application
Case containers are polypropylene with white leak-proof lids and are partially prefilled with 10% NBF. Case sizes are 48x15 ml, 24x60 ml and 24x120 ml.
Popular general purpose histological fixative.
Physical form
Neutral buffered solution

Sigma Aldrich - F15587

Packaging
25 mL in glass bottle
4 L in glass bottle

Sigma Aldrich - HT501850

Application
Case containers are polypropylene with white leak-proof lids and are partially prefilled with 10% NBF. Case sizes are 48x15 ml, 24x60 ml and 24x120 ml.
Popular general purpose histological fixative.
Physical form
Neutral buffered solution

Sigma Aldrich - HT501320

Application
Case containers are polypropylene with white leak-proof lids and are partially prefilled with 10% NBF. Case sizes are 48x15 ml, 24x60 ml and 24x120 ml.
Popular general purpose histological fixative.
Physical form
Neutral buffered solution

Sigma Aldrich - HT5011

Application
Case containers are polypropylene with white leak-proof lids and are partially prefilled with 10% NBF. Case sizes are 48x15 ml, 24x60 ml and 24x120 ml.
Popular general purpose histological fixative.
Physical form
Neutral buffered solution

Sigma Aldrich - F1635

Biochem/physiol Actions
Induces tumors in the nasal epithelium of rats, and is suspected to be a human carcinogen. Potent mutagen.
Packaging
25, 500 mL in glass bottle
4 L in glass bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 252549

Frequently Asked Questions
Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product.
Packaging
1, 4 L in glass bottle
25, 100, 500, 6×500 mL in glass bottle
Physical form
This product is a solution of approximately 37% by weight of formaldehyde gas in water.

REFERENCES

• Formaldehyde monomer, generated by thermolysis, has been used for the ɑ-hydroxymethylation of dilithiated carboxylic acids. Dehydration of the products affords ɑ-alkyl acrylic acids: J. Org. Chem., 37, 1256 (1972). Monomeric formaldehyde can also be prepared as a THF solution by dehydration with p-Toluenesulfonic anhydride, L00160, and co-distillation of the monomer with the solvent: Synlett, 704 (1990). The use of anhydrous molecular formaldehyde for hydroxymethylation reactions has been discussed: Synlett, 227 (1990).
• For use in the preparation of di-t-butyl methylenemalonate, see Di-tert-butyl malonate, A12774. For the direct ɑ-methylenation of ketones, see N-Methylanilinium trifluoroacetate, A17781.
• For use in preparation of Mannich bases, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 3, 305 (1955); 4, 281 (1963). For reviews, see: Org. React., 1, 303 (1942); Synthesis, 703 (1973); Tetrahedron, 46, 1791 (1990).
• In the presence of HCl, aromatics undergo chloromethylation. For reviews, see: Org. React., 1, 63 (1942); Russ. Chem. Rev., 46, 891 (1977). Caution! carcinogenic bis(chloromethyl) ether is formed in these reactions. In combination with Hydrobromic acid, A14475, the bromomethylation of aromatics has been effected: J. Org. Chem., 58, 1262 (1993). The same combination also N-bromomethylates phthalimide and other imides: Synlett, 933 (1994).
• Reaction with dialkyl phosphites gives hydroxymethyl phosphonates, which, after O-protection, undergo the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction to give enol ethers. See, e.g.: Org. Synth. Coll., 7, 160 (1990).
• See also Formaldehyde, A16163 and 1,3,5-Trioxane, A15639 .
• Numerous examples of the use of aqueous formaldehyde are to be found in Organic Syntheses. See also Paraformaldehyde, A11313, and 1,3,5-Trioxane, A15639.