propan-2-one

• ChemBase ID: 105716
• Molecular Formular: C3H6O
• Molecular Mass: 58.07914
• Monoisotopic Mass: 58.04186481
• SMILES: CC(=O)C
• Canonical SMILES: CC(=O)C
• InChI: InChI=1S/C3H6O/c1-3(2)4/h1-2H3
• InChIKey: CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

NAMES AND DATABASE IDS

Names

• IUPAC name: propan-2-one
• IUPAC Systematic name: Propan-2-one
• IUPAC Traditional name: acetone
• Synonyms: Acetone; Dimethyl ketone; β-Ketopropane; Propanone; 2-Propanone; Dimethyl formaldehyde; Pyroacetic spirit (archaic); Acetone; Acetone, ACS; Acetone, Semiconductor Grade; Acetone, Environmental Grade; Acetone, Spectrophotometric Grade; Acetone, HPLC Grade; ACETONE HPLC GRADE; ACETONE ACS REAGENT GRADE; ACETONE, ABSOLV GRADE; ACETONE, HISTOLOGICAL GRADE; ACETONE, GC GRADE; Acetonum; Acetone solution; 丙酮; 丙酮, ACS; 丙酮,半导体级; 丙酮, 环境级; 丙酮, 光谱级; 丙酮, HPLC级; 丙酮; 丙酮 溶液

Database IDs

• CAS Number: 67-64-1
• EC Number: 200-662-2; 200-659-6
• MDL Number: MFCD00008765
• Beilstein Number: 635680; 63580
• Merck Index: 1466
• PubChem SID: 162092907; 24859249; 24856392; 24889417; 24849455; 24878012; 24865952; 24865162; 24850839; 24901644; 24865133; 24867325; 24850797; 24859414; 24861111; 24883758; 24901643; 24861579; 24868065; 24854528; 24859286; 24885178
• PubChem CID: 180
• CHEBI ID: 15347
• CHEMBL: 14253
• Chemspider ID: 175
• FEMA ID: 3326
• Gmelin ID: 1466
• KEGG ID: D02311
• MeSH Name: Acetone
• Unique Ingredient Identifier: 1364PS73AF
• Wikipedia Title: Acetone
• Council of Europe Number: 737
• Flavis Number: 7.05

CALCULATED PROPERTIES

• Acid pKa: 19.51124
• H Acceptors: 1
• H Donor: 0
• LogD (pH = 5.5): 0.106279805
• LogD (pH = 7.4): 0.106279805
• Log P: 0.106279805
• Molar Refractivity: 16.1948 cm^3
• Polarizability: 6.329682 Å^3
• Polar Surface Area: 17.07 Å^2
• Rotatable Bonds: 0
• Lipinski's Rule of Five: true

PROPERTIES

Physical Property

• Apperance: APHA: ≤10; Colorless liquid; Liquid
• Melting Point: -94 °C(lit.); -94°C; -95.15 - -93.15°C (178 - 180 K); -95.4 °C
• Boiling Point: 55.85 - 56.85°C (329 - 330 K); 56 °C/760 mmHg(lit.); 56.2 °C at 1013 hPa; 56°C
• Flash Point: < -20 °C (method not disclosed); 1.4 °F; -17 °C; -17°C(1°F); -20 - -10 °C; -4 - 14 °F
• Auto Ignition Point: 465 °C; 540 °C
• Density: .7905 - .793 g/cm^3; 0.79 g/mL at 20 °C; 0.790-0.792 g/mL at 20 °C; 0.791; 0.791 g cm^-3; 0.791 g/mL at 25 °C; 0.791 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: 1.3590; 1.35900; n20/D 1.3580-1.3600; n20/D 1.359; n20/D 1.359(lit.)
• Vapor Pressure: 184 mmHg ( 20 °C); 233 hPa at 20 °C; 24.46–24.60 kPa (at 20 °C)
• Vapor Density: 2 (vs air); 2.0 (air = 1)
• Partition Coefficient: -0.042
• Absorption Wavelength: λ: 330 nm Amax: 1.0; λ: 330 nm Amax: 1.00; λ: 335 nm Amax: ≤0.30; λ: 340 nm Amax: ≤0.08; λ: 340 nm Amax: 0.06; λ: 340 nm Amax: 0.10; λ: 350 nm Amax: ≤0.003; λ: 350 nm Amax: 0.01; λ: 350 nm Amax: 0.02; λ: 375-400 nm Amax: 0.005; λ: 400 nm Amax: 0.01
• pKa: 24.2
• pKb: -10.2
• Viscosity: 0.3075 cP
• Odor: Pungent, irritating, floral
• Heat Capacity: 125.45 J K^-1 mol^-1
• Std enthalpy of combustion: -1.772 MJ mol^-1
• Std enthalpy of formation: -250.03-(-248.77) kJ mol^-1
• Std molar entropy: 200.4 J K^-1 mol^-1
• Organoleptic: apple; ethereal
• Transmittance: 330 nm, ≥15%; 335 nm, ≥50%; 340 nm, ≥80%; 350 nm, ≥98%

Safety Information

• Storage Condition: Room Temperature (15-30°C)
• RTECS: AL3150000
• European Hazard Symbols: Flammable (F); Toxic (T); Irritant (Xi)
• UN Number: 1090; 1230; UN1090
• German water hazard class: 1; 2
• Hazard Class: 3
• Packing Group: 2; II
• Australian Hazchem: 2YE
• Risk Statements: 11-23/24/25-39/23/24/25; 11-36-66-67; 23/24/25-39/23/24/25; R:11-36-66-67; R11, R36, R66, R67
• Safety Statements: 16-26; 36/37-45; 7-16-36/37-45; 9-16-26; 9-16-26-46; S:9-16-26; S2, S9, S16, S26
• EU Classification: F1
• EU Hazard Identification Number: 3B
• Emergency Response Guidebook(ERG) Number: 127
• TSCA Listed: 是
• EU Index: 606-001-00-8
• GHS Pictograms: GHS exclamation mark; GHS flame; GHS02; GHS06; GHS07; GHS08
• GHS Signal Word: DANGER; Danger
• NFPA704:
  

  3

  1

  0
• LD50: 3000 mg/kg (oral, mouse), 20000 mg/kg (dermal, rabbit), LC₅₀ = 19000 mg/m^3 (inhalation)
• Explode Limits: 13.2 %; 13.2–57.0%
• GHS Hazard statements: 225, 319, 336; H225-H319-H336; H301-H311-H331-H370
• GHS Precautionary statements: 210, 261, 305+351+338; P210-P241-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501A; P210-P261-P305 + P351 + P338; P260-P280-P301 + P310-P311
• Personal Protective Equipment: Eyeshields, Faceshields, full-face respirator (US), Gloves, Heavyweight Gloves, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US); Eyeshields, Faceshields, full-face respirator (US), Gloves, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)
• RID/ADR: UN 1090 3/PG 2; UN 1230 3/PG 2
• Supplemental Hazard Statements: Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.
• Storage Temperature: 2-8°C
• Regulation Compliance: FCC; FDA 21 CFR (173.210); FDA 21 CFR (175.105); FDA 21 CFR (175.320); FDA 21 CFR (176.180); FDA 21 CFR (176.300)

Pharmacology Properties

• Allergens: no known allergens

Product Information

• Purity: ≥99.5%; ≥99.9%; ≥97%; ≥99%; ≥99% (GC); ≥99.0%; ≥99.0% (GC); ≥99.5%; ≥99.5% (GC); ≥99.7% (GC); ≥99.8%; ≥99.8% (GC); ≥99.9%; ≥99.9% (GC); 99.5%; 99.5+%; 99.9%; 99+%
• Concentration: 2000 μg/mL in methanol: water (9:1); 5000 μg/mL in methanol: water (9:1)
• Grade: absolute; ACS; ACS reagent; ACS spectrophotometric grade; analytical standard; B&J Brand (product of Burdick & Jackson); capillary GC grade; CHROMASOLV®; CHROMASOLV® Plus; for analysis of dioxins, furans and PCB; for chromatography; for HPLC; for pesticide residue analysis; for residue analysis; for UV-spectroscopy; histological grade; HPLC; JIS special grade; Laboratory Reagent; natural; NI; Ph Eur; PRA grade; puriss.; puriss. p.a.; purum; REAGENT; ReagentPlus®; SAJ first grade; semiconductor grade MOS PURANAL™ (Honeywell 17921); semiconductor grade PURANAL™ (Honeywell 17825); semiconductor grade ULSI PURANAL™ (Honeywell 17014); semiconductor grade VLSI PURANAL™ (Honeywell 17617)
• Packaging: ampule of 1 mL
• Suitability: complies for appearance of solution; complies for identity (IR); in accordance for miscibility; passes test for GC-MS of dioxins, furans, PCBs; suitable for 1000 per JIS; suitable for 300 per JIS; suitable for 3000 per JIS; suitable for 5000 per JIS; suitable for determination of dioxins; suitable for PCB analysis
• Evaporation Residue: <0.0001%; <0.0002%; <0.001%; ≤0.0002%; ≤0.0003%; ≤0.001%; ≤0.002%
• Impurities: <0.5% water; <50 ppm phenol; ≤0.0001% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.0002% benzene; ≤0.0002% benzene (GC); ≤0.0002% KMnO4 red. matter (as O); ≤0.0003 meq/g Titr. acid; ≤0.0003% KMnO4-reducing matter (as O); ≤0.0005% non-volatile matter; ≤0.0006 meq/g Titr. base; ≤0.0008% free alkali (as NH3); ≤0.001% aldehydes (as HCHO); ≤0.001% free alkali (as NH3); ≤0.001% non-volatile matter; ≤0.0015% free acid (as CH3COOH); ≤0.002% acetaldehyde; ≤0.002% aldehyde (as HCHO); ≤0.002% aldehyde as formaldehyde; ≤0.002% formaldehyde; ≤0.002% free acid (as CH3COOH); ≤0.002% non-volatile matter; ≤0.003% free acid (as CH3COOH); ≤0.005% isopropanol (GC); ≤0.01% ethanol (GC); ≤0.05% 2-propanol; ≤0.05% 2-propanol (GC); ≤0.05% isopropanol; ≤0.05% methanol; ≤0.05% methanol (GC); ≤0.1% water (Karl Fischer); ≤0.2% water (Karl Fischer); ≤0.3% water (Karl Fischer); ≤0.4% water; ≤0.5% water; ≤1 ng/mL organic residue (GC/FID, as hexadecane); ≤1% water; ≤1.0 ppb Fluorescence (quinine) at 365 nm; ≤5 ng/L suitability for residue analysis; acidity or alkalinity, complies; MnO4 reducers, passes test; reducing matter, complies; related subst., complies (GC); residual solvents, complies; water-insoluble matter, complies
• Cation Traces: Al: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Al: ≤0.5 ppm; B: ≤0.02 ppm; Ba: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Ba: ≤0.1 ppm; Bi: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Bi: ≤0.1 ppm; Ca: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Ca: ≤0.5 ppm; Cd: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Cd: ≤0.05 ppm; Co: ≤0.01 ppm; Co: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Cr: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Cr: ≤0.02 ppm; Cu: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Cu: ≤0.02 ppm; Fe: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Fe: ≤0.1 ppm; K: ≤0.5 mg/kg; K: ≤0.5 ppm; Li: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Li: ≤0.1 ppm; Mg: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Mg: ≤0.1 ppm; Mn: ≤0.01 ppm; Mn: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Mo: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Mo: ≤0.1 ppm; Na: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Na: ≤0.5 ppm; Ni: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Ni: ≤0.02 ppm; Pb: ≤0.02 ppm; Pb: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Sn: ≤0.1 ppm; Sr: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Sr: ≤0.1 ppm; Zn: ≤0.05 ppm; Zn: ≤0.1 mg/kg
• Contains: 20.0 % (v/v) acetonitrile
• Shelf Life: (limited shelf life, expiry date on the label)
• Purified By: glass distillation
• Quality: meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF
• λ: 1 cm path, H2O reference; H2O reference
• Halogenated residue (GC/ECD): <10 ng/L (as heptachlor epoxide); <2 ng/L (as lindane)
• Feature: standard type calibration
• Pharmacopeia: testing & handling conforms to Pharmacopeia
• Linear Formula: CH3COCH3

DETAILS

MP Biomedicals - 02193834

HPLC Grade Reagent
Purity: 99.9+%

MP Biomedicals - 02193832

ACS Reagent Grade
Purity: >99.5%

Sigma Aldrich - W332607

Packaging
1 kg in glass bottle
8 kg in steel drum
1 sample in glass bottle
20 kg in comp drum
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 40268

Other Notes
available only in Europe
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Legal Information
PURANAL is a trademark of Honeywell Specialty Chemicals Seelze GmbH

Sigma Aldrich - 00570

Other Notes
Sales restrictions may apply
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 40308

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Legal Information
PURANAL is a trademark of Honeywell Specialty Chemicals Seelze GmbH

Sigma Aldrich - 00585

Other Notes
Sales restrictions may apply
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 154598

Packaging
1, 6×1, 2, 4×2, 4×4 L in glass bottle
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 414689

Application
Suitable for environmental analysis
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Packaging
4×4 L in glass bottle
Packaged in glass bottles

Sigma Aldrich - 179973

Frequently Asked Questions
Live Chat and Frequently Asked Questions are available for this Product.
Packaging
1, 6×1, 4, 4×4 L in glass bottle
20 L in steel drum
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 34480

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 90872

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 32201

Packaging
This product is also available in glass bottles.
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 40289

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Legal Information
PURANAL is a trademark of Honeywell Specialty Chemicals Seelze GmbH

Sigma Aldrich - W332615

Packaging
1 kg in glass bottle
1 sample in glass bottle
100 g in glass bottle
4 kg in steel drum
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 00566

General description
Special brochure (85475) available at cost price.
Other Notes
Sales restrictions may apply
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 00580

Other Notes
Sales restrictions may apply
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 00560

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 323969

Application
Suitable for pesticide residue analysis
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Packaging
4×4 L in glass bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 31062

Analysis Note
You may ask for the detailed Inspection Certificate B according to EN 10204 by fax no. +49-05137/8238-120 mentioning article number and batch.
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 179124

Other Notes
Pure-Pac® II containers require the Micromatic MacroValve coupler for dispensing solvents, Z560723.
Packaging
1, 6×1, 2, 4×2, 2.5, 4×2.5, 4, 4×4 L in glass bottle
20 L in steel drum
4×4 L in poly bottle
50 L in Pure-Pac™ 2
View returnable container options.
200 L in steel drum
500, 6×500 mL in glass bottle
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Legal Information
Pure-Pac is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

Sigma Aldrich - 534064

Packaging
20 L in steel drum
500 mL in poly bottle
4, 4×4 L in poly bottle
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0460

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0530

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 24201

Packaging
2.5, 4×2.5 L-GL in glass bottle
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 323772

Packaging
2 L in glass bottle
500 mL in glass bottle
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Legal Information
ReagentPlus is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0490

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0492

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 673781

Packaging
1, 6×1, 4, 4×4 L in aluminum bottle
200 L in steel drum
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0494

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 439126

Packaging
18 L in VerSA-Flow™
2×10 L in Nowpak™
20 L in Nowpak™
4, 4×4 L in PVC coated
50 L in comp drum
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Legal Information
CHROMASOLV is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Laborchemikalien GmbH

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0470

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0475

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 443638

Other Notes
Contains MnO4- reducers
Packaging
200 L in steel drum
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 650501

Application
Suitable for HPLC, spectrophotometry, environmental testing
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Packaging
1, 6×1, 4, 4×4 L in glass bottle
Legal Information
CHROMASOLV is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Laborchemikalien GmbH

Sigma Aldrich - 320110

Packaging
1 L in glass bottle
4, 4×4 L in PVC coated
View returnable container options.
200 L in Pure-Pac™ 1
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 34850

Packaging
1, 6×1, 2.5, 4×2.5, 72×2.5 L in glass bottle
View returnable container options.
45 L in ss drum
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Legal Information
CHROMASOLV is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Laborchemikalien GmbH

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0520

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0493

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 65469

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 40204

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Legal Information
PURANAL is a trademark of Honeywell Specialty Chemicals Seelze GmbH

Sigma Aldrich - 686530

Packaging
20 L in Nowpak™
4×4 L in glass bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 01-0480

Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.

Sigma Aldrich - 270725

Other Notes
Pure-Pac® II containers require the Micromatic MacroValve coupler for dispensing solvents, Z560723.
Packaging
1, 6×1, 2, 4×2, 4, 4×4 L in glass bottle
20, 50 L in Pure-Pac™ 2
View returnable container options.
100 mL in glass bottle
56, 200 L in Pure-Pac™ 1
Application
Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components 1. The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials 1.
Legal Information
CHROMASOLV is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Laborchemikalien GmbH
Pure-Pac is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

REFERENCES

• Precursor of dimethyldioxirane, by reaction with K monopersulfate, and isolation in solution by low temperature distillation. For details, see: Chem. Ber., 124, 2377 (1991). It is an excellent reagent for rapid, stereospecific epoxidation of alkenes under mild conditions: J. Org. Chem., 50, 2847 (1985); Org. Synth. Coll., 9, 288 (1998). For improved work-up procedure allowing the possibility of more concentrated solutions or the isolation of acetone-free material, see: Tetrahedron Lett., 37, 3585 (1996). For biphasic, environmentally-friendly system (EtOAc-H₂ O), see: Org. Process Res. Dev., 6, 407 (2002). Selective oxidation of phosphorus ylides occurs under mild conditions, providing a route to vicinal tricarbonyl derivatives: J. Org. Chem., 60, 8231 (1995). For conversion of ɑ-bromo-?-dicarbonyls to vicinal tricarbonyls, see: Tetrahedron Lett., 36, 7735 (1995). For formation of singlet oxygen by deoxygenation of heteroaromatic N-oxides, e.g. 4-diethylaminopyridine N-oxide, see: J. Chem. Soc., Chem.Commun., 1831 (1995). For reviews of dioxiranes, see: Acc. Chem. Res., 22, 205 (1989); Chem. Rev., 89, 1187 (1989).