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Clonazepam

Catalog No. DB01068 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 1622-61-3 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. C15H10ClN3O3 Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 315.7112 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 939

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
IUPAC Traditional name
clonazepam
Brand Name
Clonopin
Antelepsin
Antilepsin
Iktorivil
Cloazepam
Klonopin
Klonopin Rapidly Disintegrating
Landsen
Rivotril
Synonyms
Clonazepamum
Chlonazepam

DATABASE IDS

CAS Number 1622-61-3
PubChem SID 46507677
PubChem CID 2802

PROPERTIES

Hydrophobicity(logP) 2.7
Solubility <0.1 mg/mL

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups illicit; approved
Description An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor responses. [PubChem]
Indication Used as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures.
Pharmacology Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, is used primarily as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of absence seizures, petit mal variant seizures (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome), akinetic and myoclonic seizures, and nocturnal myoclonus.
Toxicity Somnolence, confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation Hepatic (cytochrome P450, including CYP3A). Biotransformation occurs mainly by reduction of the 7-nitro group to the 4-amino derivative. This derivative can be acetylated, hydroxylated, and glucuronidated.
Absorption Clonazepam is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability of clonazepam is about 90%.
Half Life 30-40 hours
Protein Binding 85%
Elimination Clonazepam is highly metabolized, with less than 2% unchanged clonazepam being excreted in the urine. Metabolites of Klonopin are excreted by the kidneys
References
Dreifuss FE, Penry JK, Rose SW, Kupferberg HJ, Dyken P, Sato S: Serum clonazepam concentrations in children with absence seizures. Neurology. 1975 Mar;25(3):255-8. [Pubmed]
Robertson MD, Drummer OH: Postmortem drug metabolism by bacteria. J Forensic Sci. 1995 May;40(3):382-6. [Pubmed]
Rosen GM, Turner MJ 3rd: Synthesis of spin traps specific for hydroxyl radical. J Med Chem. 1988 Feb;31(2):428-32. [Pubmed]
Rosen GM, Demos HA, Rauckman EJ: Not all aromatic nitro compounds form free radicals. Toxicol Lett. 1984 Aug;22(2):145-52. [Pubmed]
Earley JV, Fryer RI, Ning RY: Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. LXXXIX: Haptens useful in benzodiazepine immunoassay development. J Pharm Sci. 1979 Jul;68(7):845-50. [Pubmed]
External Links
Wikipedia
RxList
Drugs.com

REFERENCES

  • Dreifuss FE, Penry JK, Rose SW, Kupferberg HJ, Dyken P, Sato S: Serum clonazepam concentrations in children with absence seizures. Neurology. 1975 Mar;25(3):255-8. Pubmed
  • Rosen GM, Turner MJ 3rd: Synthesis of spin traps specific for hydroxyl radical. J Med Chem. 1988 Feb;31(2):428-32. Pubmed
  • Rosen GM, Demos HA, Rauckman EJ: Not all aromatic nitro compounds form free radicals. Toxicol Lett. 1984 Aug;22(2):145-52. Pubmed
  • Earley JV, Fryer RI, Ning RY: Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. LXXXIX: Haptens useful in benzodiazepine immunoassay development. J Pharm Sci. 1979 Jul;68(7):845-50. Pubmed
  • Robertson MD, Drummer OH: Postmortem drug metabolism by bacteria. J Forensic Sci. 1995 May;40(3):382-6. Pubmed