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Zaleplon

Catalog No. DB00962 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 151319-34-5 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. C17H15N5O Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 305.3339 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 838

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
N-(3-{3-cyanopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl}phenyl)-N-ethylacetamide
IUPAC Traditional name
zaleplon
Brand Name
Sonata
Zalaplon
Synonyms
zaleplon
DEA No. 2781

DATABASE IDS

PubChem SID 46508267
CAS Number 151319-34-5
PubChem CID 5719

PROPERTIES

Hydrophobicity(logP) 0.9

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups illicit; approved; investigational
Description Zaleplon is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used for insomnia. It is known as a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. Zaleplon interacts with the GABA receptor complex and shares some of the pharmacological properties of the benzodiazepines. Zaleplon is a schedule IV drug in the United States.
Indication For the treatment of short-term treatment of insomnia in adults.
Pharmacology Zaleplon is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic from the pyrazolopyrimidine class and is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. While Zaleplon is a hypnotic agent with a chemical structure unrelated to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or other drugs with known hypnotic properties, it interacts with the gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine (GABABZ) receptor complex. Subunit modulation of the GABABZ receptor chloride channel macromolecular complex is hypothesized to be responsible for some of the pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines, which include sedative, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsive effects in animal models. Zaleplon also binds selectively to the CNS GABAA-receptor chloride ionophore complex at benzodiazepine(BZ) omega-1 (BZ1, ο1) receptors.
Toxicity Side effects include abdominal pain, amnesia, dizziness, drowsiness, eye pain, headache, memory loss, menstrual pain, nausea, sleepiness, tingling, weakness
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation Zaleplon is primarily metabolized by aldehyde oxidase.
Absorption Absorption Zaleplon is rapidly and almost completely absorbed following oral administration.
Half Life Approximately 1 hour
Protein Binding Approximately 60% (in vitro plasma protein binding).
Elimination Zaleplon is metabolized primarily by the liver and undergoes significant presystemic metabolism. After oral administration, zaleplon is extensively metabolized, with less than 1% of the dose excreted unchanged in urine. Renal excretion of unchanged zaleplon accounts for less than 1% of the administered dose.
Distribution * 1.4 L/kg
Clearance * 1 L/h/kg
References
Dundar Y, Dodd S, Strobl J, Boland A, Dickson R, Walley T: Comparative efficacy of newer hypnotic drugs for the short-term management of insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004 Jul;19(5):305-22. [Pubmed]
Noguchi H, Kitazumi K, Mori M, Shiba T: Electroencephalographic properties of zaleplon, a non-benzodiazepine sedative/hypnotic, in rats. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Mar;94(3):246-51. [Pubmed]
Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC: Treatment options for insomnia. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Aug 15;76(4):517-26. [Pubmed]
Barbera J, Shapiro C: Benefit-risk assessment of zaleplon in the treatment of insomnia. Drug Saf. 2005;28(4):301-18. [Pubmed]
Dooley M, Plosker GL: Zaleplon: a review of its use in the treatment of insomnia. Drugs. 2000 Aug;60(2):413-45. [Pubmed]
Holm KJ, Goa KL: Zolpidem: an update of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia. Drugs. 2000 Apr;59(4):865-89. [Pubmed]
Patat A, Paty I, Hindmarch I: Pharmacodynamic profile of Zaleplon, a new non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2001 Jul;16(5):369-392. [Pubmed]
External Links
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REFERENCES

  • Dundar Y, Dodd S, Strobl J, Boland A, Dickson R, Walley T: Comparative efficacy of newer hypnotic drugs for the short-term management of insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004 Jul;19(5):305-22. Pubmed
  • Noguchi H, Kitazumi K, Mori M, Shiba T: Electroencephalographic properties of zaleplon, a non-benzodiazepine sedative/hypnotic, in rats. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Mar;94(3):246-51. Pubmed
  • Barbera J, Shapiro C: Benefit-risk assessment of zaleplon in the treatment of insomnia. Drug Saf. 2005;28(4):301-18. Pubmed
  • Dooley M, Plosker GL: Zaleplon: a review of its use in the treatment of insomnia. Drugs. 2000 Aug;60(2):413-45. Pubmed
  • Holm KJ, Goa KL: Zolpidem: an update of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia. Drugs. 2000 Apr;59(4):865-89. Pubmed
  • Patat A, Paty I, Hindmarch I: Pharmacodynamic profile of Zaleplon, a new non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2001 Jul;16(5):369-392. Pubmed
  • Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC: Treatment options for insomnia. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Aug 15;76(4):517-26. Pubmed