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Demecarium

Catalog No. DB00944 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 56-94-0 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. C32H52Br2N4O4 Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 716.58768 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 820

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
N,N,N-trimethyl-3-{[methyl(10-{methyl[3-(trimethylazaniumyl)phenoxycarbonyl]amino}decyl)carbamoyl]oxy}anilinium dibromide
IUPAC Traditional name
demecarium dibromide
Synonyms
Demecarium bromide

DATABASE IDS

CAS Number 56-94-0
PubChem SID 46507824
PubChem CID 5965

PROPERTIES

Hydrophobicity(logP) -1.75

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved
Description Demecarium bromid is an indirect-acting parasympathomimetic agent that is used to treat glaucoma. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor or an anticholinesterase. Cholinesterase inhibitors prolong the effect of acetylcholine, which is released at the neuroeffector junction of parasympathetic postganglion nerves, by inactivating the cholinesterases that break it down. Demecarium inactivates both pseudocholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase. In the eye, this causes constriction of the iris sphincter muscle (causing miosis) and the ciliary muscle. The outflow of the aqueous humor is facilitated, which leads to a reduction in intraocular pressure.
Indication For the topical treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma.
Pharmacology Demecarium is a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor and potent miotic. Because of its toxicity, it should be reserved for use in patients with open-angle glaucoma or other chronic glaucomas not satisfactorily controlled with the short-acting miotics and other agents. Application of demecarium to the eye produces intense miosis and ciliary muscle contraction due to inhibition of cholinesterase, allowing acetylcholine to accumulate at sites of cholinergic transmission. These effects are accompanied by increased capillary permeability of the ciliary body and iris, increased permeability of the blood-aqueous barrier, and vasodilation. Myopia may be induced or, if present, may be augmented by the increased refractive power of the lens that results from the accommodative effect of the drug.
Toxicity The oral LD50 is 2.96 mg/kg in the mouse. Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, urinary incontinence, salivation, sweating, difficulty in breathing, bradycardia, or cardiac irregularities.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
References
Ward DA, Abney K, Oliver JW: The effects of topical ocular application of 0.25% demecarium bromide on serum acetylcholinesterase levels in normal dogs. Vet Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;6(1):23-5. [Pubmed]
Krohne SG: Effect of topically applied 2% pilocarpine and 0.25% demecarium bromide on blood-aqueous barrier permeability in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1994 Dec;55(12):1729-33. [Pubmed]
Gum GG, Gelatt KN, Gelatt JK, Jones R: Effect of topically applied demecarium bromide and echothiophate iodide on intraocular pressure and pupil size in beagles with normotensive eyes and beagles with inherited glaucoma. Am J Vet Res. 1993 Feb;54(2):287-93. [Pubmed]
External Links
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REFERENCES

  • Ward DA, Abney K, Oliver JW: The effects of topical ocular application of 0.25% demecarium bromide on serum acetylcholinesterase levels in normal dogs. Vet Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar;6(1):23-5. Pubmed
  • Krohne SG: Effect of topically applied 2% pilocarpine and 0.25% demecarium bromide on blood-aqueous barrier permeability in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1994 Dec;55(12):1729-33. Pubmed
  • Gum GG, Gelatt KN, Gelatt JK, Jones R: Effect of topically applied demecarium bromide and echothiophate iodide on intraocular pressure and pupil size in beagles with normotensive eyes and beagles with inherited glaucoma. Am J Vet Res. 1993 Feb;54(2):287-93. Pubmed