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Esmolol

Catalog No. DB00187 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 103598-03-4 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. C16H25NO4 Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 295.374 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 72

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
methyl 3-(4-{2-hydroxy-3-[(propan-2-yl)amino]propoxy}phenyl)propanoate
IUPAC Traditional name
esmolol
Brand Name
Esmolol Hydrochloride
Esmolol HCL
Brevibloc

DATABASE IDS

CAS Number 103598-03-4
PubChem SID 46506146
PubChem CID 59768

PROPERTIES

Hydrophobicity(logP) 1.7
Solubility Very soluble as hydrochloride salt

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved
Description Esmolol (trade name Brevibloc) is a cardioselective beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset, a very short duration of action, and no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic or membrane stabilising activity at therapeutic dosages.

Esmolol decreases the force and rate of heart contractions by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system, which are found in the heart and other organs of the body. Esmolol prevents the action of two naturally occurring substances: epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Indication For the rapid control of ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in perioperative, postoperative, or other emergent circumstances where short term control of ventricular rate with a short-acting agent is desirable. Also used in noncompensatory sinus tachycardia where the rapid heart rate requires specific intervention.
Toxicity Symptoms of overdose include cardiac arrest, bradycardia, hypotension, electromechanical dissociation and loss of consciousness.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation Rapidly metabolized by hydrolysis of the ester linkage, chiefly by the esterases in the cytosol of red blood cells and not by plasma cholinesterases or red cell membrane acetylcholinesterase. Mainly in red blood cells to a free acid metabolite (with 1/1500 the activity of esmolol) and methanol.
Absorption Rapidly absorbed, steady-state blood levels for dosages from 50-300 µg/kg/min (0.05-0.3 mg/kg/mm) are obtained within five minutes.
Half Life Rapid distribution half-life of about 2 minutes and an elimination half-life of about 9 minutes. The acid metabolite has an elimination half-life of about 3.7 hours.
Protein Binding 55% bound to human plasma protein, while the acid metabolite is 10% bound.
Elimination Consistent with the high rate of blood-based metabolism of esmolol hydrochloride, less than 2% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the urine. The acid metabolite has an elimination half-life of about 3.7 hours and is excreted in the urine with a clearance approximately equivalent to the glomerular filtration rate.
Excretion of the acid metabolite is significantly decreased in patients with renal disease, with the elimination half-life increased to about ten-fold that of normals, and plasma levels considerably elevated.
Clearance * 20 L/kg/hr [Men]
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REFERENCES