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Colistin

Catalog No. DB00803 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 1264-72-8 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. C52H98N16O13 Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 1155.43392 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 682

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
N-[(1S)-3-amino-1-{[(1S,2R)-1-{[(1S)-3-amino-1-{[(3S,6S,9S,12S,15R,18S,21S)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaazacyclotricosan-21-yl]carbamoyl}propyl]carbamoyl}-2-hydroxypropyl]carbamoyl}propyl]-5-methylheptanamide
IUPAC Traditional name
colistin
Brand Name
Colistin sulfate
Polymyxin E sulfate
Polymyxin E. Sulfate
Colistin sulphate
Colistin sulfate, nonsterile

DATABASE IDS

PubChem SID 46505467
PubChem CID 5311054
CAS Number 1264-72-8

PROPERTIES

Hydrophobicity(logP) -2.4
Solubility 5.64E+005 mg/L

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved
Description Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally. [PubChem]
Indication For the treatment of acute or chronic infections due to sensitive strains of certain gram-negative bacilli, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pharmacology Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic agent. Polymyxins are cationic polypeptides that disrupt the bacterial cell membrane through a detergentlike mechanism. With the development of less toxic agents, such as extended-spectrum penicillins and cephalosporins, parenteral polymyxin use was largely abandoned, except for the treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. More recently, however, the emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, and the lack of new antimicrobial agents have led to the revived use of the polymyxins.
Toxicity Oral LD50 in rats is 5450 mg/kg. Overdosage with colistimethate can cause neuromuscular blockade characterized by paresthesia, lethargy, confusion, dizziness, ataxia, nystagmus, disorders of speech and apnea. Respiratory muscle paralysis may lead to apnea, respiratory arrest and death.
Affected Organisms
Gram-negative bacilli
Biotransformation As 80% of the dose can be recovered unchanged in the urine, and there is no biliary excretion, it can be assumed that the remaining drug is inactivated in the tissues, however the mechanism is unknown.
Absorption Very poor absorption from gastrointestinal tract.
Half Life 5 hours
External Links
Wikipedia

REFERENCES