Home > Compound List > Product Information
Gallium nitrate_Molecular_structure_CAS_13494-90-1)
Click picture or here to close

Gallium nitrate

Catalog No. DB05260 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 13494-90-1 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. GaH3N3O9 Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 258.76152 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 4409

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
gallium(3+) ion tris(nitrooxidane)
IUPAC Traditional name
gallium(3+) ion trinitronate
Brand Name
Ganite

DATABASE IDS

CAS Number 13494-90-1
PubChem CID 61635
PubChem SID 46508923

PROPERTIES

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved; investigational
Description Gallium nitrate is a drug that is used to treat hyper-calcemia, or too much calcium in the blood. This condition may occur when individuals develop various types of cancer. Gallium nitrate is also known by the common brand name Ganite.
Indication For the treatment of hypercalcemia. Also intended for the treatment of non-hodgkin's lymphoma.
Pharmacology Gallium nitrate exerts hypocalcemic effect by inhibiting calcium resorption from bone, possibly by stabilizing bone matrix, thereby reducing increased bone turnover. Gallium nitrate inhibits the growth of various lymphoma cell lines in vitro and exhibits antitumor activity in patients with lymphoma. The mechanism(s) of cytotoxicity is (are) only partly understood but appears to involve a two-step process: (1) targeting of gallium to cells, and (2) acting on multiple, specific intracellular processes. Gallium shares certain chemical properties with iron; therefore, it binds avidly to the iron transport protein transferrin. Transferrin-gallium complexes preferentially target cells that express transferrin receptors on their surface. Expression of transferrin receptors is particularly high on lymphoma cells. Cellular uptake of the gallium-transferrin complex leads to inhibition of cellular proliferation primarily via disruption of iron transport and homeostasis and blockade of ribonucleotide reductase. Recent studies have shown that cellular uptake of gallium leads to activation of caspases and induction of apoptosis. In phase II trials in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma, the antitumor activity of gallium nitrate is similar to, or better than, that of other commonly used chemotherapeutic agents.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Half Life Alpha: 1 hour. Beta: 24 hours, but lengthens to 72 to 115 hours with prolonged intravenous infusion.
Elimination Gallium nitrate is not metabolized either by the liver or the kidney and appears to be significantly excreted via the kidney.
Clearance * 0.15 L/hr/kg [cancer patients receiving daily infusion of gallium nitrate at a dose of 200 mg/m2 for 5 or 7 days]
References
Yang M, Kroft SH, Chitambar CR: Gene expression analysis of gallium-resistant and gallium-sensitive lymphoma cells reveals a role for metal-responsive transcription factor-1, metallothionein-2A, and zinc transporter-1 in modulating the antineoplastic activity of gallium nitrate. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Feb;6(2):633-43. [Pubmed]
Leyland-Jones B: Treating cancer-related hypercalcemia with gallium nitrate. J Support Oncol. 2004 Nov-Dec;2(6):509-16. [Pubmed]
Chitambar CR: Apoptotic mechanisms of gallium nitrate: basic and clinical investigations. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 10):39-44. [Pubmed]
Cvitkovic F, Armand JP, Tubiana-Hulin M, Rossi JF, Warrell RP Jr: Randomized, double-blind, phase II trial of gallium nitrate compared with pamidronate for acute control of cancer-related hypercalcemia. Cancer J. 2006 Jan-Feb;12(1):47-53. [Pubmed]
External Links
Drugs.com

REFERENCES

  • Yang M, Kroft SH, Chitambar CR: Gene expression analysis of gallium-resistant and gallium-sensitive lymphoma cells reveals a role for metal-responsive transcription factor-1, metallothionein-2A, and zinc transporter-1 in modulating the antineoplastic activity of gallium nitrate. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Feb;6(2):633-43. Pubmed
  • Leyland-Jones B: Treating cancer-related hypercalcemia with gallium nitrate. J Support Oncol. 2004 Nov-Dec;2(6):509-16. Pubmed
  • Chitambar CR: Apoptotic mechanisms of gallium nitrate: basic and clinical investigations. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 10):39-44. Pubmed
  • Cvitkovic F, Armand JP, Tubiana-Hulin M, Rossi JF, Warrell RP Jr: Randomized, double-blind, phase II trial of gallium nitrate compared with pamidronate for acute control of cancer-related hypercalcemia. Cancer J. 2006 Jan-Feb;12(1):47-53. Pubmed