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Information |
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Drug Groups
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approved; nutraceutical |
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Description
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NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and NAD+ is the oxidized form of NADH, A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). It forms NADP with the addition of a phosphate group to the 2' position of the adenosyl nucleotide through an ester linkage.(Dorland, 27th ed) |
| Indication |
Some evidence suggests that NADH might be useful in treating Parkinson's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. |
| Pharmacology |
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). The action of supplemental NADH is unclear. Oral NADH supplementation has been used to combat simple fatigue as well as such mysterious and energy-sapping disorders as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Researchers are also studying the value of NADH supplements for improving mental function in people with Alzheimer's disease, and minimizing physical disability and relieving depression in people with Parkinson's disease. Some healthy individuals also take NADH supplements orally to improve concentration and memory capacity, as well as to increase athletic endurance. However, to date there have been no published studies to indicate that using NADH is in any way effective or safe for these purposes. |
| Toxicity |
No reports of overdose, however, high doses of NADH (10 mg a day or more) may cause jitteriness, anxiety, and insomnia. |
| Affected Organisms |
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Humans and other mammals |
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| Absorption |
Unclear how much of an administered dose is absorbed. |
| References |
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[Link]
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Belenky P, Bogan KL, Brenner C: NAD+ metabolism in health and disease. Trends Biochem Sci. 2007 Jan;32(1):12-9. Epub 2006 Dec 11.
[Pubmed]
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Pollak N, Dolle C, Ziegler M: The power to reduce: pyridine nucleotides--small molecules with a multitude of functions. Biochem J. 2007 Mar 1;402(2):205-18.
[Pubmed]
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Khan JA, Forouhar F, Tao X, Tong L: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism as an attractive target for drug discovery. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007 May;11(5):695-705.
[Pubmed]
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Lin SJ, Guarente L: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of transcription, longevity and disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2003 Apr;15(2):241-6.
[Pubmed]
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Biellmann JF, Lapinte C, Haid E, Weimann G: Structure of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor generated from coenzyme. Biochemistry. 1979 Apr 3;18(7):1212-7.
[Pubmed]
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