Vancomycin

• Catalog No.: DB00512
• CAS Number: 1404-90-6
• M. F.: C66H75Cl2N9O24
• M. W.: 1449.2536

SYNONYMS

• IUPAC name: (1S,2R,18R,19R,22S,25R,28R,40S)-48-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-{[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-22-(carbamoylmethyl)-5,47-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[(2R)-4-methyl-2-(methylamino)pentanamido]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentaazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.2^{3,6}.2^{14,17}.1^{8,12}.1^{29,33}.0^{10,25}.0^{34,39}]pentaconta-3,5,8,10,12(48),14,16,29(45),30,32,34,36,38,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid
• IUPAC Traditional name: vancomycin
• Brand Name: Vancocin; Vancoled; Vancocin HCL; Vancor
• Synonyms: Vancomycin HCL

DATABASE IDS

• PubChem SID: 46505261
• PubChem CID: 14969
• CAS Number: 1404-90-6

PROPERTIES

• Hydrophobicity(logP): -3.1

DETAILS

Description (English)

• Drug Groups: approved
• Description: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to ristocetin that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear. [PubChem]
• Indication: For the treatment of serious or severe infections caused by susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant (beta-lactam-resistant) staphylococci.
• Pharmacology: Vancomycin is a branched tricyclic glycosylated nonribosomal peptide produced by the fermentation of the Actinobacteria species Amycolatopsis orientalis (formerly Nocardia orientalis). It is often reserved as the "drug of last resort", used only after treatment with other antibiotics had failed. Vancomycin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections: Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Actinomyces species, and Lactobacillus species. The combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside acts synergistically in vitro against many strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus bovis, enterococci, and the viridans group streptococci.
• Toxicity: The oral LD₅₀ in mice is 5000 mg/kg. The median lethal intravenous dose is 319 mg/kg in rats and 400 mg/kg in mice.
• Affected Organisms: Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
• Absorption: Poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, however systemic absorption (up to 60%) may occur following intraperitoneal administration.
• Half Life: Half-life in normal renal patients is approximately 6 hours (range 4 to 11 hours). In anephric patients, the average half-life of elimination is 7.5 days.
• Protein Binding: Approximately 55% serum protein bound.
• Elimination: In the first 24 hours, about 75% of an administered dose of vancomycin is excreted in urine by glomerular filtration.
• Clearance: * 0.06 L/kg/h
• References: Sch?fer, Martina, Thomas R Schneider, and George M Sheldrick. 1996. Crystal structure of vancomycin. Structure 4, no. 12 (December 15): 1509-1515. "DOI:10.1016/S0969-2126(96)00156-6":http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-2126(96)00156-6.; Levine DP: Vancomycin: a history. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 1;42 Suppl 1:S5-12. [Pubmed] ; Small PM, Chambers HF: Vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in intravenous drug users. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Jun;34(6):1227-31. [Pubmed] ; Gonzalez C, Rubio M, Romero-Vivas J, Gonzalez M, Picazo JJ: Bacteremic pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus: A comparison of disease caused by methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible organisms. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Nov;29(5):1171-7. [Pubmed] ; Sivagnanam S, Deleu D: Red man syndrome. Crit Care. 2003 Apr;7(2):119-20. Epub 2002 Dec 23. [Pubmed] ; Cantu TG, Yamanaka-Yuen NA, Lietman PS: Serum vancomycin concentrations: reappraisal of their clinical value. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Apr;18(4):533-43. [Pubmed] ; Boger DL. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and ramoplanin: synthetic and mechanistic studies. Med Res Rev. 2001 Sep;21(5):356-81. [Pubmed]
• External Links: Wikipedia; RxList; Drugs.com

REFERENCES

• Small PM, Chambers HF: Vancomycin for Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in intravenous drug users. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Jun;34(6):1227-31. Pubmed
• Gonzalez C, Rubio M, Romero-Vivas J, Gonzalez M, Picazo JJ: Bacteremic pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus: A comparison of disease caused by methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible organisms. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Nov;29(5):1171-7. Pubmed
• Cantu TG, Yamanaka-Yuen NA, Lietman PS: Serum vancomycin concentrations: reappraisal of their clinical value. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Apr;18(4):533-43. PubmedBoger DL. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, and ramoplanin: synthetic and mechanistic studies. Med Res Rev. 2001 Sep;21(5):356-81. Pubmed
• Sch?fer, Martina, Thomas R Schneider, and George M Sheldrick. 1996. Crystal structure of vancomycin. Structure 4, no. 12 (December 15): 1509-1515. "DOI:10.1016/S0969-2126(96)00156-6":http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-2126(96)00156-6.
• Levine DP: Vancomycin: a history. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan 1;42 Suppl 1:S5-12. Pubmed
• Sivagnanam S, Deleu D: Red man syndrome. Crit Care. 2003 Apr;7(2):119-20. Epub 2002 Dec 23. Pubmed