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Alprazolam

Catalog No. DB00404 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 28981-97-7 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. C17H13ClN4 Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 308.76492 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 287

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
12-chloro-3-methyl-9-phenyl-2,4,5,8-tetraazatricyclo[8.4.0.0^{2,6}]tetradeca-1(10),3,5,8,11,13-hexaene
IUPAC Traditional name
alprazolam
Brand Name
Bestrol
Intensol
Constan
Frontal
Alpronax
Alviz
Cassadan
Esparon
Niravam
Restyl
Solanax
Trankimazin
Tranquinal
Xanax
Xanor
Alplax
D 65MT
Tafil
Tranax
Xanax XR
Synonyms
alprazolam
TUS-1

DATABASE IDS

PubChem CID 2118
PubChem SID 46507078
CAS Number 28981-97-7

PROPERTIES

Hydrophobicity(logP) 4.9
Solubility 40 mg/L at pH 7; 12 mg/mL at pH 1.2

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups illicit; approved; investigational
Description A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of panic disorders, with or without agoraphobia, and in generalized anxiety disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)
Indication For the management of anxiety disorder or the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety and for the treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia.
Pharmacology Alprazolam, a benzodiazepine, is used to treat panic disorder and anxiety disorder. Unlike chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate, and prazepam, alprazolam has a shorter half-life and metabolites with minimal activity. Like other triazolo benzodiazepines such as triazolam, alprazolam may have significant drug interactions involving the hepatic cytochrome P-450 3A4 isoenzyme. Clinically, all benzodiazepines cause a dose-related central nervous system depressant activity varying from mild impairment of task performance to hypnosis. Unlike other benzodiazepines, alprazolam may also have some antidepressant activity, although clinical evidence of this is lacking.
Toxicity Oral, mouse: LD50=1020 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include confusion, coma, impaired coordination, sleepiness, and slowed reaction time.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation Hepatic. Hydroxylated in the liver to α-hydroxyalprazolam, which is also active. This and other metabolites are later excreted in urine as glucuronides.
Absorption Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is 80-90%.
Half Life 6.3-26.9 hours
Protein Binding 80% (mainly to albumin)
Elimination Alprazolam and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine.
Clearance * 2.13 +/- 0.54 mL/min/kg [CYP3A inducers]
* 0.90 +/- 0.21 mL/min/kg [without CYP3A inducers]
References
Risse SC, Whitters A, Burke J, Chen S, Scurfield RM, Raskind MA: Severe withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of alprazolam in eight patients with combat-induced posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990 May;51(5):206-9. [Pubmed]
Wolf B, Griffiths RR: Physical dependence on benzodiazepines: differences within the class. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1991 Dec 31;29(2):153-6. [Pubmed]
Haque W, Watson DJ, Bryant SG: Death following suspected alprazolam withdrawal seizures: a case report. Tex Med. 1990 Jan;86(1):44-7. [Pubmed]
Hori A: Pharmacotherapy for personality disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998 Feb;52(1):13-9. [Pubmed]
Garcia-Algar O, Lopez-Vilchez MA, Martin I, Mur A, Pellegrini M, Pacifici R, Rossi S, Pichini S: Confirmation of gestational exposure to alprazolam by analysis of biological matrices in a newborn with neonatal sepsis. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45(3):295-8. [Pubmed]
External Links
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REFERENCES

  • Wolf B, Griffiths RR: Physical dependence on benzodiazepines: differences within the class. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1991 Dec 31;29(2):153-6. Pubmed
  • Haque W, Watson DJ, Bryant SG: Death following suspected alprazolam withdrawal seizures: a case report. Tex Med. 1990 Jan;86(1):44-7. Pubmed
  • Hori A: Pharmacotherapy for personality disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998 Feb;52(1):13-9. Pubmed
  • Garcia-Algar O, Lopez-Vilchez MA, Martin I, Mur A, Pellegrini M, Pacifici R, Rossi S, Pichini S: Confirmation of gestational exposure to alprazolam by analysis of biological matrices in a newborn with neonatal sepsis. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45(3):295-8. Pubmed
  • Risse SC, Whitters A, Burke J, Chen S, Scurfield RM, Raskind MA: Severe withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation of alprazolam in eight patients with combat-induced posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1990 May;51(5):206-9. Pubmed