L-Glutamic Acid

• Catalog No.: DB00142
• CAS Number: 56-86-0
• M. F.: C5H9NO4
• M. W.: 147.12926

SYNONYMS

• IUPAC name: (2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid
• IUPAC Traditional name: L-glutamic acid
• Brand Name: Glutacid; Aciglut; Glusate; Glutamicol; Glutamidex; Glutaminol; Glutaton
• Synonyms: Glutamic acid; L-Glutaminic acid; (2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid; 1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid; (S)-(+)-Glutamic acid; (S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid; 2-Aminoglutaric acid; L-(+)-Glutamic acid; Glutaminic acid; (S)-Glutamic acid; 2-Aminopentanedioic acid; a-Glutamic acid; a-Aminoglutaric acid; L-a-Aminoglutaric acid; L-Glutamate

DATABASE IDS

• PubChem SID: 46505816
• PubChem CID: 33032
• CAS Number: 56-86-0

PROPERTIES

• Hydrophobicity(logP): -3.3
• Solubility: 8.57 mg/mL at 25 oC [BULL,HB et al. (1978)]

DETAILS

Description (English)

• Drug Groups: approved; nutraceutical
• Description: A peptide that is a homopolymer of glutamic acid. [PubChem]
• Indication: Considered to be nature's "Brain food" by improving mental capacities; helps speed the healing of ulcers; gives a "lift" from fatigue; helps control alcoholism, schizophrenia and the craving for sugar.
• Pharmacology: In addition to being one of the building blocks in protein synthesis, it is the most widespread neurotransmitter in brain function, as an excitatory neurotransmitter and as a precursor for the synthesis of GABA in GABAergic neurons.
• Toxicity: Glutamate causes neuronal damage and eventual cell death, particularly when NMDA receptors are activated, High dosages of glutamic acid may include symptoms such as headaches and neurological problems.
• Affected Organisms: Humans and other mammals
• Biotransformation: Hepatic
• Absorption: Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes.Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism.
• References: Smith QR: Transport of glutamate and other amino acids at the blood-brain barrier. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):1016S-22S. [Pubmed] ; Okumoto S, Looger LL, Micheva KD, Reimer RJ, Smith SJ, Frommer WB: Detection of glutamate release from neurons by genetically encoded surface-displayed FRET nanosensors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 14;102(24):8740-5. Epub 2005 Jun 6. [Pubmed] ; Reeds PJ, Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jahoor F: Intestinal glutamate metabolism. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):978S-82S. [Pubmed] ; Corrie JE, DeSantis A, Katayama Y, Khodakhah K, Messenger JB, Ogden DC, Trentham DR: Postsynaptic activation at the squid giant synapse by photolytic release of L-glutamate from a 'caged' L-glutamate. J Physiol. 1993 Jun;465:1-8. [Pubmed] ; Augustin H, Grosjean Y, Chen K, Sheng Q, Featherstone DE: Nonvesicular release of glutamate by glial xCT transporters suppresses glutamate receptor clustering in vivo. J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 3;27(1):111-23. [Pubmed]
• External Links: Wikipedia

REFERENCES

• Smith QR: Transport of glutamate and other amino acids at the blood-brain barrier. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):1016S-22S. Pubmed
• Okumoto S, Looger LL, Micheva KD, Reimer RJ, Smith SJ, Frommer WB: Detection of glutamate release from neurons by genetically encoded surface-displayed FRET nanosensors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 14;102(24):8740-5. Epub 2005 Jun 6. Pubmed
• Reeds PJ, Burrin DG, Stoll B, Jahoor F: Intestinal glutamate metabolism. J Nutr. 2000 Apr;130(4S Suppl):978S-82S. Pubmed
• Corrie JE, DeSantis A, Katayama Y, Khodakhah K, Messenger JB, Ogden DC, Trentham DR: Postsynaptic activation at the squid giant synapse by photolytic release of L-glutamate from a 'caged' L-glutamate. J Physiol. 1993 Jun;465:1-8. Pubmed
• Augustin H, Grosjean Y, Chen K, Sheng Q, Featherstone DE: Nonvesicular release of glutamate by glial xCT transporters suppresses glutamate receptor clustering in vivo. J Neurosci. 2007 Jan 3;27(1):111-23. Pubmed