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Ethambutol

Catalog No. DB00330 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 74-55-5 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. C10H24N2O2 Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 204.30976 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 214

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
2-({2-[(1-hydroxybutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}amino)butan-1-ol
IUPAC Traditional name
ethambutol
Brand Name
Myambutol
Dadibutol
Diambutol
Etibi
Tibutol
Synonyms
D-Ethambutol
Ethambutol HCL
EMB
Etambutol [INN-Spanish]
Etambutolo [DCIT]
Ethambutol dihydrochloride
Ethambutol Hydrochloride
Ethambutol, racemic mixture
Ethambutolum [INN-Latin]
Aethambutolum

DATABASE IDS

CAS Number 74-55-5

PROPERTIES

Hydrophobicity(logP) -0.3

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved
Description An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863)
Indication For use, as an adjunct, in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pharmacology Ethambutol is an oral chemotherapeutic agent which is specifically effective against actively growing microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium, including M. tuberculosis. Ethambutol inhibits RNA synthesis and decreases tubercle bacilli replication. Nearly all strains of M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii as well as a number of strains of MAC are sensitive to ethambutol.
Toxicity The most commonly recognized toxic effect of ethambutol is optic neuropathy, which generally is considered uncommon and reversible in medical literature. Other side effects that have been observed are pruritus, joint pain, gastrointestinal upset, abdominal pain, malaise, headache, dizziness, mental confusion, disorientation, and possible hallucinations.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation Hepatic. Up to 15% of administered drug is metabolized to inactive metabolites. The main path of metabolism appears to be an initial oxidation of the alcohol to an aldehydic intermediate, followed by conversion to a dicarboxylic acid.
Absorption About 75% to 80% of an orally administered dose of ethambutol is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Half Life In patients with normal renal function, 3 to 4 hours. In patients with impaired renal function, up to 8 hours.
Protein Binding 20-30%
Elimination During the 24-hour period following oral administration of ethambutol hydrochloride approximately 50 percent of the initial dose is excreted unchanged in the urine, while an additional 8 to 15 percent appears in the form of metabolites. From 20 to 22 percent of the initial dose is excreted in the feces as unchanged drug.
External Links
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REFERENCES