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Decitabine

Catalog No. DB01262 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 2353-33-5 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. C8H12N4O4 Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 228.20528 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 1130

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
4-amino-1-[(2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-2-one
IUPAC Traditional name
decitabine
Brand Name
Dacogen
Synonyms
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine
DAC
Dezocitidine
Azadc
decitabine

DATABASE IDS

PubChem SID 46505657
CAS Number 2353-33-5
PubChem CID 451668

PROPERTIES

Solubility Sparingly soluble

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved; investigational
Description Decitabine is indicated for treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It is a chemical analogue of cytidine, a nucleoside present in DNA and RNA. Cells in the presence of Decitabine incorporate it into DNA during replication and RNA during transcription. The incorporation of Decitabine into DNA or RNA inhibits methyltransferase thereby causing demethylation in that sequence. This adversely affects the way that cell regulatory proteins are able to bind to the DNA/RNA substrate.
Indication For treatment of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) including previously treated and untreated, de novo and secondary MDS of all French-American-British subtypes (refractory anemia, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia) and intermediate-1, intermediate-2, and high-risk International Prognostic Scoring System groups (scores ≥0.5).
Pharmacology Decitabine is an analogue of the natural nucleoside 2’-deoxycytidine. It functions in the same way as 5-Azacytidine. The antineoplastic activity of this drug is dependent on its intracellular conversion to its 5'-triphosphate metabolite.
Toxicity There is no known antidote for overdosage with decitabine. Higher doses are associated with increased myelosuppression including prolonged neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation The exact route of elimination and metabolic fate of decitabine is not known in humans. One of the pathways of elimination of decitabine appears to be deamination by cytidine deaminase found principally in the liver but also in granulocytes, intestinal epithelium and whole blood.
Half Life The terminal phase elimination half-life is 0.51 ± 0.31 hours.
Protein Binding Plasma protein binding of decitabine is negligible (<1%).
Clearance * 125 L/h/m2 [Patients receiving 15 mg/m2 3-hr infusion every 8 hours for 3 days]
* 210 L/h/m2 [20 mg/m2 1-hr infusion daily for 5 days]
References
Appleton K, Mackay HJ, Judson I, Plumb JA, McCormick C, Strathdee G, Lee C, Barrett S, Reade S, Jadayel D, Tang A, Bellenger K, Mackay L, Setanoians A, Schatzlein A, Twelves C, Kaye SB, Brown R: Phase I and pharmacodynamic trial of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine and carboplatin in solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 10;25(29):4603-9. [Pubmed]
Wijermans PW, Ruter B, Baer MR, Slack JL, Hussain SI, Lubbert M: Efficacy of decitabine in the treatment of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Leuk Res. 2007 Sep 17;. [Pubmed]
Daskalakis M, Blagitko-Dorfs N, Hackanson B: Decitabine. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2010;184:131-57. [Pubmed]
Saba HI, Wijermans PW: Decitabine in myelodysplastic syndromes. Semin Hematol. 2005 Jul;42(3 Suppl 2):S23-31. [Pubmed]
Jabbour E, Issa JP, Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian H: Evolution of decitabine development: accomplishments, ongoing investigations, and future strategies. Cancer. 2008 Jun;112(11):2341-51. [Pubmed]
Stresemann C, Lyko F: Modes of action of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors azacytidine and decitabine. Int J Cancer. 2008 Jul 1;123(1):8-13. [Pubmed]
Oki Y, Aoki E, Issa JP: Decitabine--bedside to bench. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007 Feb;61(2):140-52. Epub 2006 Oct 4. [Pubmed]
External Links
Wikipedia
Drugs.com

REFERENCES

  • Appleton K, Mackay HJ, Judson I, Plumb JA, McCormick C, Strathdee G, Lee C, Barrett S, Reade S, Jadayel D, Tang A, Bellenger K, Mackay L, Setanoians A, Schatzlein A, Twelves C, Kaye SB, Brown R: Phase I and pharmacodynamic trial of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine and carboplatin in solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 10;25(29):4603-9. Pubmed
  • Wijermans PW, Ruter B, Baer MR, Slack JL, Hussain SI, Lubbert M: Efficacy of decitabine in the treatment of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Leuk Res. 2007 Sep 17;. Pubmed
  • Saba HI, Wijermans PW: Decitabine in myelodysplastic syndromes. Semin Hematol. 2005 Jul;42(3 Suppl 2):S23-31. Pubmed
  • Jabbour E, Issa JP, Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian H: Evolution of decitabine development: accomplishments, ongoing investigations, and future strategies. Cancer. 2008 Jun;112(11):2341-51. Pubmed
  • Stresemann C, Lyko F: Modes of action of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitors azacytidine and decitabine. Int J Cancer. 2008 Jul 1;123(1):8-13. Pubmed
  • Oki Y, Aoki E, Issa JP: Decitabine--bedside to bench. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007 Feb;61(2):140-52. Epub 2006 Oct 4. Pubmed
  • Daskalakis M, Blagitko-Dorfs N, Hackanson B: Decitabine. Recent Results Cancer Res. 2010;184:131-57. Pubmed