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Enoxaparin

Catalog No. DB01225 Name DrugBank
CAS Number 9005-49-6 Website http://www.ualberta.ca/
M. F. C26H42N2O37S5 Telephone (780) 492-3111
M. W. 1134.92788 Fax (780) 492-1071
Purity Email david.wishart@ualberta.ca
Storage Chembase ID: 290

SYNONYMS

IUPAC name
3-[(5-{[6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(sulfoamino)-4-(sulfooxy)oxan-2-yl)oxy]-6-({5-acetamido-4,6-dihydroxy-2-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl}oxy)-4-hydroxy-5-(sulfooxy)oxane-2-carboxylic acid
IUPAC Traditional name
heparin
Brand Name
Clexane
Lovenox HP
Lovenox
Synonyms
LMWH
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
enoxaparin

DATABASE IDS

PubChem CID 772
CAS Number 9005-49-6
PubChem SID 46507450

PROPERTIES

Hydrophobicity(logP) -13.2
Solubility > 200 mg/mL

DETAILS

Description (English)
Item Information
Drug Groups approved; investigational
Description Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin. Enoxaparin is used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and is given as a subcutaneous injection. Enoxaparin binds to and accelerates the activity of antithrombin III. By activating antithrombin III, enoxaparin preferentially potentiates the inhibition of coagulation factors Xa and IIa. Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, so enoxaparin's inhibition of this process results in decreased thrombin and ultimately the prevention of fibrin clot formation. Low molecular weight heparins are less effective at inactivating factor IIa due to their shorter length compared to unfractionated heparin.
Indication For the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis, which may lead to pulmonary embolism, and also for the prophylaxis of ischemic complications of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, when concurrently administered with aspirin.
Pharmacology Enoxaparin is a highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from 3800 to 5000 daltons. Enoxaparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Enoxaparin is a well known and commonly used anticoagulant which has antithrombotic properties. Enoxaparin inhibits reactions that lead to the clotting of blood and the formation of fibrin clots both in vitro and in vivo. Enoxaparin acts at multiple sites in the normal coagulation system. Small amounts of enoxaparin in combination with antithrombin III (enoxaparin cofactor) can inhibit thrombosis by inactivating activated Factor X and inhibiting the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Once active thrombosis has developed, larger amounts of enoxaparin can inhibit further coagulation by inactivating thrombin and preventing the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Enoxaparin also prevents the formation of a stable fibrin clot by inhibiting the activation of the fibrin stabilizing factor. Its use should be avoided in patients with a creatinine clearance less than 20mL/min. In these patients, unfractionated heparin should only be used. As for monitoring, active partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) will only increase at high doses of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH). Therefore, monitoring aPTT is not recommended. However, anti-Xa activity can be measured to monitor the efficacy of the LMWH.
Toxicity Mouse, median lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg. Another side effect is heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT syndrome). HIT is caused by an immunological reaction that makes platelets form clots within the blood vessels, thereby using up coagulation factors.
Affected Organisms
Humans and other mammals
Biotransformation Undergoes desulfation and polymerization via the liver
Absorption Mean absolute bioavailability of enoxaparin, after 1.5 mg/kg given subcutaneously, based on anti-Factor Xa activity is approximately 100% in healthy volunteers.
Half Life 4.5 hours
Protein Binding 80% bound-albumin
Elimination Enoxaparin sodium is primarily metabolized in the liver by desulfation and/or depolymerization to lower molecular weight species with much reduced biological potency. Renal clearance of active fragments represents about 10% of the administered dose and total renal excretion of active and non-active fragments 40% of the dose.
Distribution * 4.3 L
External Links
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REFERENCES