Levobunolol

• Catalog No.: DB01210
• CAS Number: 47141-42-4
• M. F.: C17H25NO3
• M. W.: 291.3853

SYNONYMS

• IUPAC name: 5-[(2S)-3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-one
• IUPAC Traditional name: levobunolol
• Brand Name: Betagan; Akbeta
• Synonyms: Levobunolol HCl; Levobunololum [INN-Latin]

DATABASE IDS

• PubChem SID: 46507518
• CAS Number: 47141-42-4
• PubChem CID: 39468

PROPERTIES

• Hydrophobicity(logP): 2.1

DETAILS

Description (English)

• Drug Groups: approved
• Description: A nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma. [PubChem]
• Indication: For lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and may be used in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
• Pharmacology: Levobunolol is an ophthalmic beta-blocker, equally effective at β(1)- and β(2)-receptor sites. Levobunolol reduces both elevated and normal IOP in patients with or without glaucoma. In patients with elevated IOP, levobunolol reduces mean IOP by approximately 25-40% from baseline. As the drug is a nonselective &beta-adrenergic blocking agent, it can produce both systemic pulmonary and cardiovascular effects following topical application to the eye. These effects include adverse pulmonary effects (eg. bronchoconstriction, increased airway resistance), and a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate.
• Toxicity: Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm, and acute cardiac failure, LD₅₀=700 mg/kg (orally in rat).
• Affected Organisms: Humans and other mammals
• Biotransformation: Hepatic
• Absorption: 80%
• Half Life: 20 hours
• References: Ishibashi T, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S: Comparison of the effects of topical levobunolol and timolol solution on the human ocular surface. Cornea. 2003 Nov;22(8):709-15. [Pubmed] ; Ogasawara H, Yoshida A, Fujio N, Konno S, Ishiko S: [Effect of topical levobunolol on retinal, optic nerve head, and choroidal circulation in normal volunteers] Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1999 Jul;103(7):544-50. [Pubmed] ; Leung M, Grunwald JE: Short-term effects of topical levobunolol on the human retinal circulation. Eye. 1997;11 ( Pt 3):371-6. [Pubmed] ; Dong Y, Ishikawa H, Wu Y, Yoshitomi T: Vasodilatory mechanism of levobunolol on vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1039-46. Epub 2007 Jan 27. [Pubmed] ; Gonzalez JP, Clissold SP: Ocular levobunolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1987 Dec;34(6):648-61. [Pubmed] ; Lesar TS: Comparison of ophthalmic beta-blocking agents. Clin Pharm. 1987 Jun;6(6):451-63. [Pubmed] ; Novack GD: Levobunolol for the long-term treatment of glaucoma. Gen Pharmacol. 1986;17(4):373-7. [Pubmed]
• External Links: Wikipedia; RxList; Drugs.com

REFERENCES

• Ishibashi T, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S: Comparison of the effects of topical levobunolol and timolol solution on the human ocular surface. Cornea. 2003 Nov;22(8):709-15. Pubmed
• Ogasawara H, Yoshida A, Fujio N, Konno S, Ishiko S: [Effect of topical levobunolol on retinal, optic nerve head, and choroidal circulation in normal volunteers] Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1999 Jul;103(7):544-50. Pubmed
• Leung M, Grunwald JE: Short-term effects of topical levobunolol on the human retinal circulation. Eye. 1997;11 ( Pt 3):371-6. Pubmed
• Dong Y, Ishikawa H, Wu Y, Yoshitomi T: Vasodilatory mechanism of levobunolol on vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1039-46. Epub 2007 Jan 27. Pubmed
• Gonzalez JP, Clissold SP: Ocular levobunolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1987 Dec;34(6):648-61. Pubmed
• Lesar TS: Comparison of ophthalmic beta-blocking agents. Clin Pharm. 1987 Jun;6(6):451-63. Pubmed
• Novack GD: Levobunolol for the long-term treatment of glaucoma. Gen Pharmacol. 1986;17(4):373-7. Pubmed