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Information |
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Drug Groups
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approved |
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Description
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Prazosin is a selective α-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. It has also been used to decrease urinary obstruction and relieve symptoms associated with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. α1-Receptors mediate contraction and hypertrophic growth of smooth muscle cells. Antagonism of these receptors leads to smooth muscle relaxation in the peripheral vasculature and prostate gland. Prazosin has also been used in conjunction with cardiac glycosides and diuretics in the management of severe congestive heart failure. It has also been used alone or in combination with β-blockers in the preoperative management of signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma. |
| Indication |
For treatment of hypertension, symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia, and severe congestive heart failure. May also be used alone or in combination with β-blockers in the preoperative management of signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma. |
| Pharmacology |
Prazosin is an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Accordingly, Prazosin is a selective inhibitor of the alpha1 subtype of alpha adrenergic receptors. In the human prostate, Prazosin antagonizes phenylephrine (alpha1 agonist)-induced contractions, in vitro, and binds with high affinity to the alpha1c adrenoceptor, which is thought to be the predominant functional type in the prostate. Studies in normal human subjects have shown that Prazosin competitively antagonized the pressor effects of phenylephrine (an alpha1 agonist) and the systolic pressor effect of norepinephrine. The antihypertensive effect of Prazosin results from a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and the parent compound Prazosin is primarily responsible for the antihypertensive activity. |
| Affected Organisms |
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Humans and other mammals |
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| Biotransformation |
Primarily hepatic. Several metabolites have been identified in humans and animals (6- O -demethyl, 7- O -demethyl, 2-[1-piperazinyl]-4-amino-6, 7-dimethoxyquinazoline, 2,4-diamino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline). |
| Absorption |
Well-absorbed from gastrointestinal tract; bioavailability is variable (50 to 85%). |
| Half Life |
2-3 hours |
| Protein Binding |
97% |
| Elimination |
Animal studies indicate that prazosin hydrochloride is extensively metabolized, primarily by demethylation and conjugation, and excreted mainly via bile and feces. Less extensive human studies suggest similar metabolism and excretion in man. |
| References |
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Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH: Utility of scorpion antivenin vs prazosin in the management of severe Mesobuthus tamulus (Indian red scorpion) envenoming at rural setting. J Assoc Physicians India. 2007 Jan;55:14-21.
[Pubmed]
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Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, Margolis KL, Davis BR, Grimm RH, Black HR, Hamilton BP, Holland J, Nwachuku C, Papademetriou V, Probstfield J, Wright JT Jr, Alderman MH, Weiss RJ, Piller L, Bettencourt J, Walsh SM: Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2002 Nov-Dec;4(6):393-404.
[Pubmed]
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Hiraoka Y, Taniguchi T, Tanaka T, Okada K, Kanamaru H, Muramatsu I: Pharmacological characterization of unique prazosin-binding sites in human kidney. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;368(1):49-56. Epub 2003 Jun 25.
[Pubmed]
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Sigma Aldrich
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