formic acid

• ChemBase ID: 1709
• Molecular Formular: CH2O2
• Molecular Mass: 46.02538
• Monoisotopic Mass: 46.0054793
• SMILES: OC=O
• Canonical SMILES: OC=O
• InChI: InChI=1S/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3)
• InChIKey: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

NAMES AND DATABASE IDS

Names

• IUPAC name: formic acid
• IUPAC Systematic name: Methanoic Acid
• IUPAC Traditional name: formic acid
• Synonyms: Formic acid solution; Formic acid, ACS; Formic acid solution; Formate standard for IC; Formate; Methanoic acid; Hydrogen carboxylic acid; Aminic acid; Formylic acid; Formic Acid; Hydroxymethanone; Hydroxy(oxo)methane; Metacarbonoic acid; Oxocarbinic acid; Oxomethanol; Formic acid; Acide formique; FORMIC ACID ACS REAGENT GRADE; FORMIC ACID 88%, ACS GRADE; 甲酸 溶液; 甲酸, ACS; 甲酸 溶液; 甲酸根，用于离子色谱标准液; 甲酸

Database IDs

• CAS Number: 64-18-6
• EC Number: 231-791-2; 200-579-1
• MDL Number: MFCD00003297
• Beilstein Number: 1209246
• Merck Index: 144241
• PubChem SID: 24889981; 24845922; 24900966; 24880070; 24859835; 24855128; 24845920; 24845921; 46508355; 24864810; 24856186; 24894725; 24873243; 24846384; 160965166
• PubChem CID: 284
• CHEBI ID: 30751
• ATC CODE: QP53AG01
• CHEMBL: 116736
• Chemspider ID: 278
• DrugBank ID: DB01942
• FEMA ID: 2487
• KEGG ID: C00058
• Unique Ingredient Identifier: 0YIW783RG1
• Wikipedia Title: Formic_acid
• Council of Europe Number: 1
• Flavis Number: 8.001

CALCULATED PROPERTIES

JChem

• Acid pKa: 4.269118
• H Acceptors: 2
• H Donor: 1
• LogD (pH = 5.5): -1.5255477
• LogD (pH = 7.4): -3.257304
• Log P: -0.27204442
• Molar Refractivity: 8.1532 cm^3
• Polarizability: 3.259014 Å^3
• Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Å^2
• Rotatable Bonds: 0
• Lipinski's Rule of Five: true

ALOGPS 2.1

• Log P: -0.47
• LOG S: 1.02
• Solubility (Water): 4.77e+02 g/l

PROPERTIES

Physical Property

• Solubility: 1000 mg/mL at 25 oC [RIDDICK,JA et al. (1986)]; Miscible in water
• Apperance: APHA: ≤15; Colorless liquid; Liquid
• Melting Point: 7 °C; 7°C; 7-9°C; 8.2-8.4 °C(lit.); 8.4°C; 8.5 °C
• Boiling Point: 100.8 °C; 100.8°C; 100-101 °C(lit.); 100-101°C; 101 °C; 101°C; ca. 101 °C at 1013 hPa
• Flash Point: 118.4 °F; 48 °C (closed cup and DIN 51755); 48 °C; 50°C(156°F); 69°C (156.2°F)
• Auto Ignition Point: 1004 °F; 480 °C (DIN 51794)
• Density: 1.20 g/mL at 20 °C; 1.22 g/cm^3 at 20 °C; 1.22 g/ml; 1.22 g/mL; 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C; 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.); 1.220
• Refractive Index: 1.3710; n20/D 1.336; n20/D 1.370; n20/D 1.370(lit.); n20/D 1.371; n20/D 1.372
• Vapor Pressure: 42 hPa at 20 °C; 44.8 mmHg ( 20 °C)
• Vapor Density: 1.6 (air = 1); 1.6 (vs air)
• Absorption Wavelength: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.03; λ: 270 nm Amax: 0.05; λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01; λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.04; λ: 290 nm Amax: 0.03; λ: 300 nm Amax: 0.02; λ: 500 nm Amax: 0.02
• Hydrophobicity(logP): -0.54 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)]
• pKa: 3.77
• Viscosity: 1.57 cP at 26 °C
• pH: 1.0-2.5 (25 °C)

Safety Information

• Storage Condition: Room Temperature (15-30°C)
• Storage Warning: Hygroscopic
• RTECS: LQ4900000
• European Hazard Symbols: Corrosive (C); Irritant (Xi)
• UN Number: 1779; 3412; UN1779; UN3412
• German water hazard class: 1; nwg
• Hazard Class: 8
• Packing Group: 2; II
• Australian Hazchem: 2X
• Risk Statements: 10-34; 10-35; 34; 35; 36/38; R:35; R10 R35
• Safety Statements: 1/2-23-26-45; 23-26-45; 26; 26-36/37/39-45; S:23-26-45; S1/2 S23 S26 S45
• EU Classification: C9
• EU Hazard Identification Number: 8B
• Emergency Response Guidebook(ERG) Number: 153
• TSCA Listed: 是
• GHS Pictograms: GHS02; GHS05; GHS06
• GHS Signal Word: Danger
• Main Hazard: Corrosive; irritant;; sensitizer.
• NFPA704:
  

  2

  3

  1
• Explode Limits: 57 %
• GHS Hazard statements: H226-H314; H314; H331-H302-H314-H318-H226
• GHS Precautionary statements: P210-P241-P303+P361+P353-P305+P351+P338-P405-P501A; P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P310
• Personal Protective Equipment: Eyeshields, Gloves; Faceshields, full-face respirator (US), Gloves, Goggles, multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US), type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
• RID/ADR: UN 1779 8/PG 2; UN 3412 8/PG 2
• Storage Temperature: room temp
• Regulation Compliance: EU Regulation 1334/2008 & 178/2002; FCC; FDA 21 CFR (172.515)

Pharmacology Properties

• Allergens: no known allergens

Product Information

• Purity: ≥96%; ~85% (T); ~98%; ~98% (T); >97%; ≥85%; ≥88.0%; ≥88.0% (T); ≥95%; ≥96%; ≥96.0%; ≥98%; ≥98.0%; ≥98.0% (T); 49-51% (T); 85%; 88%; 88.0-89.5%; 88+%; 88-91% (T); 95-97%; 96+%; 97%; 98.0-100%
• Concentration: 1.0 M in H2O; 1.000 g/L in H2O
• Grade: ACS; ACS reagent; analytical standard; eluent additive for LC-MS; eluent additive for UHPLC-MS; FG; for HPLC; for mass spectrometry; Halal; JIS special grade; Kosher; LC-MS Ultra; NI; puriss.; puriss. p.a.; purum; REAGENT; reagent grade; SAJ first grade; TraceSELECT®
• Suitability: corresponds to standard for filter test; corresponds to standard for RP gradient test; passes test for LC-MS; passes test for UHPLC-MS
• Evaporation Residue: ≤0.0001%; ≤0.002%; ≤0.003%
• Impurities: ~2% water; ≤0.001% ammonium (NH4); ≤0.001% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.001% non-volatile matter; ≤0.002% heavy metals (as Pb); ≤0.005% acetic acid (CH3COOH); ≤0.005% non-volatile matter; ≤0.01% non-volatile matter; ≤0.05% acetic acid (CH3COOH); ≤0.05% acetic acid (GC); ≤0.1% formaldehyde; ≤0.4% Acetic acid; ≤0.5% acetic acid (CH3COOH); ≤1% acetic acid; insoluble matter, passes filter test
• Cation Traces: Ag: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Ag: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Al: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Al: ≤1 mg/kg; Al: ≤5 μg/kg; As: ≤1 μg/kg; As: ≤3 mg/kg; Au: ≤1 μg/kg; Ba: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Ba: ≤1 mg/kg; Ba: ≤1 μg/kg; Be: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Be: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Bi: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Bi: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Bi: ≤1 mg/kg; Ca: ≤0.2 mg/kg; Ca: ≤20 μg/kg; Ca: ≤5 mg/kg; Cd: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Cd: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Cd: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Cd: ≤1 mg/kg; Ce: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Co: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Co: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Co: ≤1 mg/kg; Co: ≤1 μg/kg; Cr: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Cr: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Cr: ≤1 mg/kg; Cr: ≤1 μg/kg; Cs: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Cu: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Cu: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Cu: ≤1 mg/kg; Cu: ≤1 μg/kg; Cu: ≤20 mg/kg; Fe: ≤0.001%; Fe: ≤0.2 mg/kg; Fe: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Fe: ≤1 mg/kg; Fe: ≤10 mg/kg; Fe: ≤10 μg/kg; Fe: ≤2 mg/kg; Fe: ≤20 mg/kg; Fe: ≤5 ppm; Ga: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Ge: ≤0.05 mg/kg; heavy metals (as Pb): ≤0.001%; heavy metals (as Pb): ≤5 ppm; Hg: ≤1 μg/kg; In: ≤0.5 μg/kg; K: ≤0.1 mg/kg; K: ≤10 μg/kg; K: ≤20 mg/kg; Li: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Li: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Li: ≤1 mg/kg; Mg: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Mg: ≤1 mg/kg; Mg: ≤5 μg/kg; Mn: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Mn: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Mn: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Mn: ≤1 mg/kg; Mo: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Mo: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Mo: ≤1 mg/kg; Na: ≤0.5 mg/kg; Na: ≤10 μg/kg; Na: ≤20 mg/kg; NH4+: ≤0.005%; NH4+: ≤10 mg/kg; Ni: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Ni: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Ni: ≤1 mg/kg; Ni: ≤2 μg/kg; Pb: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Pb: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Pb: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Pb: ≤1 mg/kg; Pb: ≤10 mg/kg; Pt: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Rb: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Sb: ≤1 μg/kg; Se: ≤1 μg/kg; Sn: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Sr: ≤0.02 mg/kg; Sr: ≤0.5 μg/kg; Sr: ≤1 mg/kg; Ti: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Ti: ≤1 μg/kg; Tl: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Tl: ≤0.5 μg/kg; U: ≤0.5 μg/kg; V: ≤0.05 mg/kg; V: ≤1 μg/kg; Zn: ≤0.05 mg/kg; Zn: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Zn: ≤1 mg/kg; Zn: ≤20 mg/kg; Zn: ≤5 μg/kg; Zr: ≤0.1 mg/kg; Zr: ≤0.5 μg/kg
• Antion Traces: chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%; chloride (Cl-): ≤10 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤20 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤5 mg/kg; chloride (Cl-): ≤50 mg/kg; oxalate (C2O42-): ≤100 mg/kg; oxalate (C2O42-): ≤50 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.002%; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.003%; sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.5 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤100 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤40 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤5 mg/kg; sulfate (SO42-): ≤50 mg/kg; sulfite (SO32-): ≤10 mg/kg; sulfite (SO32-): ≤50 mg/kg; sulfite (SO32-): passes test
• Contains: <2.5% water as stabilizer; water as stabilizer (remainder)
• Shelf Life: (limited shelf life, expiry date on the label)
• Quality Level: PREMIUM
• Quality: meets analytical specifications of DAC, FCC, E 236
• Dilution Test: passes test
• λ: neat
• Product Line: BioUltra
• Linear Formula: HCOOH

DETAILS

MP Biomedicals - 02194048

ACS Reagent Grade
Purity: >96%

MP Biomedicals - 02151162

Free Acid Purity: >97% 1 ml = approx. 1.22 g

MP Biomedicals - 05204849

MP Biomedicals Rare Chemical collection

DrugBank - DB01942

• Drug Groups: experimental
• Description: Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most famously in the venom of bee and ant stings. The principal use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. [Wikipedia]
• Toxicity: ORAL (LD₅₀): Acute: 700 mg/kg [Mouse]. 1100 mg/kg [Rat]. 4000 mg/kg [Dog].
• Absorption: Formic acid is readily metabolized and eliminated by the body.
• External Links: Wikipedia

Sigma Aldrich - W248703

Packaging
1 kg in glass bottle
1 sample in glass bottle
5, 10, 25 kg in comp drum

Sigma Aldrich - 695076

Packaging
2.5 L in poly bottle
5, 100, 500 mL in poly bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 06473

Application
Formic acid solution can be used to study biological buffers and buffer solutions. Formic acid solution has been used in a study to develop a sensitive and easy analytical method for catecholamine metabolites including 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol sulfate (HMPG sulfate), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) determination. Formic acid solution has also been used in a study to develop a method for the determination of the eight quinolones of veterinary use regulated by the European Union.

Sigma Aldrich - 06454

Legal Information
TraceSELECT is a registered trademark of Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC

Sigma Aldrich - 49897

Preparation Note
prepared with Formic acid and H2O
General description
filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter

Sigma Aldrich - F0507

包装
1, 4 L in poly bottle
100, 500 mL in poly bottle

Sigma Aldrich - 251364

Application
Versatile reagent used for formylation, hydrolysis, and cyclocondensations.

Sigma Aldrich - 399388

Packaging
100 mL in glass bottle
100 mL in poly bottle
12×100 mL in glass bottle
2.5, 4×2.5 L in poly bottle
500 mL in poly bottle

REFERENCES

• Dehydration with sulfuric acid can be used to generate CO in situ. Subsequent reaction with tertiary carbocations gives the corresponding carboxylic acid (the Koch-Haaf carboxylation). For examples, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 5, 20, 739 (1973); improved procedure: Synth. Commun., 19, 1945 (1989). 1,4-Diols in which one alcohol is tertiary give -lactones: Chem. Lett., 1187 (1982).
• Used in combination with formaldehyde in the Eschweiler-Clarke reductive methylation of amines, the formic acid acting as a hydride donor. Review: Org. React., 5, 290 (1949). For an example, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 3, 723 (1955).
• In the presence of Raney nickel alloy, reduces aromatic nitriles to aldehydes in high yield: J. Chem. Soc., 5775 (1965); for list of examples, see: Org. Synth. Coll., 6, 631 (1988).
• Hydrogen donor, in combination with Pd on carbon, in catalytic transfer hydrogenations; see, e.g.: Selective reduction of dinitroarenes to nitroanilines: J. Org. Chem., 45, 4992 (1980). Dehalogenation of aryl halides: Synthesis, 876 (1982). Hydrogenation of aromatic rings: Tetrahedron Lett., 33, 7477 (1992). See also Palladium, A12012, Cyclohexene, A11359, and Ammonium formate, A10699. For a comparative mechanistic study of formic acid and formate salts in hydrogenolysis of aryl chlorides, see: J. Org. Chem., 60, 1347 (1995).
• In combination with Selenium(IV) oxide, 12358, improved results have been obtained in the allylic oxidation of sterically-hindered olefins: Synth. Commun., 24, 29213 (1994).
• Cleaves trityl groups selectively in the presence of benzylidene acetals or TBDMS ethers: Tetrahedron Lett., 27, 579 (1986).
• Instead of the unstable formic anhydride, formylations may be carried out with formic acid and acetic anhydride to generate the mixed acetic formic anhydride in situ. For a review, see: Tetrahedron, 46, 1081 (1990). This reagent has been used for the deoxygenation of tertiary amine oxides: Chem. Lett., 1517 (1985).